Kunezinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela isando samanzi, kodwa izinyathelo ezihlukene kufanele zithathwe ngokuya ngezimbangela ezingenzeka zesando samanzi.

1. Ukunciphisa izinga lokugeleza kwepayipi lamanzi kunganciphisa umfutho wesando samanzi ngokwezinga elithile, kodwa kuzokwandisa ububanzi bepayipi lamanzi futhi kwandise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi. Lapho ubeka amapayipi amanzi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukugwema ama-humps noma izinguquko ezinkulu emthambekeni.

Yehlisa ubude bepayipi lamanzi. Uma ipayipi lide, likhulu inani lesando samanzi lapho icala lokuhlukanisa iphampu yamanzi imisiwe. Ukusuka esiteshini sokumpompa esisodwa kuya eziteshini zokumpompa ezimbili, umthombo wokudonsa amanzi usetshenziswa ukuxhuma iziteshi zokumpompa ezimbili.

Ubukhulu besando samanzi lapho ipompo imiswa ngokuyinhloko ihlobene nekhanda lejometri legumbi lepompo. Ukuphakama kwekhanda lejometri, likhulu inani lesando samanzi lapho iphampu imiswa. Ngakho-ke, ikhanda lepompo elinengqondo kufanele likhethwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zendawo.

Ngemuva kokumisa iphampu ngenxa yengozi, ipayipi ngemuva kwe-valve yokuhlola kufanele igcwaliswe ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuqala iphampu.

Uma uqala iphampu, ungavuli ngokugcwele i-valve yokukhipha impompo yamanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho umthelela omkhulu wamanzi uzokwenzeka. Izingozi ezinkulu zesando samanzi eziteshini zokumpompa amanzi zivame ukwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo.

2. Setha idivayisi yokuqeda isando samanzi

(1) Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula amandla kagesi njalo

Uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo lwe-PLC lwamukelwa ukwenza ukulawula isivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa epompo, futhi lusebenzise ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo ekusebenzeni kwalo lonke uhlelo lwegumbi lokuphakela amanzi. Njengoba ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi iqhubeka nokushintsha nezinguquko ezimweni zokusebenza, ukucindezela okuphansi noma ukucindezela ngokweqile kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, okungabangela kalula isando samanzi, okuholela ekulimaleni kwamapayipi nemishini. Isistimu yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo ye-PLC isetshenziselwa ukulawula inethiwekhi yamapayipi. Ukutholwa kokucindezela, ukulawulwa kwempendulo kokuqala nokuma kwepompo yamanzi nokulungiswa kwesivinini, ukulawula ukugeleza, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe ukucindezela ezingeni elithile. Ingcindezi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi yepompo ingasethwa ngokulawula i-microcomputer ukuze igcine ukunikezwa kwamanzi okucindezelwa njalo futhi igweme ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ngokweqile. Amathuba esando samanzi ancishisiwe.

(2) Faka isinqamuli sesando samanzi

Lo mshini uvimbela kakhulu isando samanzi lapho iphampu imiswa. Ivamise ukufakwa eduze kwepayipi lokuphuma kwephampu yamanzi yekesi elihlukanisiwe. Isebenzisa ukucindezela kwepayipi ngokwayo njengamandla okubona isenzo esizenzakalelayo sokucindezela okuphansi. Okusho ukuthi, lapho ingcindezi epayipini iphansi kunevelu yokuvikela ebekiwe, imbobo yokudonsa izovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhipha amanzi. Ukunciphisa ingcindezi kusetshenziselwa ukulinganisa ukucindezela kwamapayipi endawo kanye nokuvimbela umthelela wesando samanzi ezintweni zokusebenza namapayipi. Izinqamuli ngokuvamile zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: imishini kanye ne-hydraulic. Izinqamuli zemishini zibuyiselwa emuva mathupha ngemva kwesenzo, kuyilapho izinqamuli ezinama-hydraulic zingasethwa kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo.

(3) Faka ivalvu yokuhlola evala kancane kububanzi obukhulu Iphampu yamanzi yebhokisi lokuhlukanisa pipayipi lokukhipha

Ingakwazi ukuqeda ngempumelelo isando samanzi lapho iphampu imiswa, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi inani elithile lamanzi lizogeleza libuyele lapho i-valve ivuliwe, umthombo wokudonsa amanzi kufanele ube nepayipi elichichimayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamavalvu okuhlola avala kancane: uhlobo lwesando kanye nohlobo lokugcina amandla. Lolu hlobo lwe-valve lungalungisa isikhathi sokuvala i-valve phakathi kwebanga elithile njengoba kudingeka. Ngokuvamile, i-valve ivala u-70% kuya ku-80% phakathi kwemizuzwana emi-3 kuya kweyi-7 ngemva kokunqamuka kwamandla. Isikhathi sokuvala esingu-20% kuya ku-30% esisele silungiswa ngokuvumelana nezimo zepompo yamanzi kanye nepayipi, ngokuvamile ebangeni lamasekhondi angu-10 kuya kwangu-30. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uma kukhona i-hump epayipini futhi kwenzeka isando samanzi, indima ye-valve yokuhlola yokuvala kancane ilinganiselwe kakhulu.

(4) Misa umbhoshongo olawula ukucindezela ohlangothini olulodwa

Yakhiwe eduze kwesiteshi sokumpompa noma endaweni efanele epayipini, futhi ukuphakama kombhoshongo olawula ingcindezi yendlela eyodwa kuphansi kunokucindezela kwepayipi lapho. Lapho ingcindezi epayipini iphansi kunezinga lamanzi embhoshongweni, umbhoshongo olawula ingcindezi ugcwalisa amanzi epayipini ukuze uvimbele ikholomu yamanzi ukuthi ingaphuli futhi ivale isando samanzi. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wawo wokunciphisa ukucindezela esando samanzi ngaphandle kwesando samanzi sokumisa iphampu, njengesando samanzi esivala i-valve, unomkhawulo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-valve yendlela eyodwa esetshenziswa embhoshongweni olawula ingcindezi yendlela eyodwa kumele kube okuthembekile ngokuphelele. Uma i-valve ihluleka, ingase ibangele isando esikhulu samanzi.

(5) Misa ipayipi lokudlula (ivalvu) esiteshini sokumpompa

Uma uhlelo lwepompo lusebenza ngokujwayelekile, i-valve yokuhlola ivaliwe ngoba ukucindezela kwamanzi ohlangothini lwe-pump kuphezulu kunokucindezela kwamanzi ohlangothini lokudonsa. Lapho ukuphela kwamandla ngengozi kumisa ngokuzumayo iphampu yamanzi yekesi ehlukanisiwe, ingcindezi ekuphumeni kwesiteshi sepompo yamanzi kwehla kakhulu, kuyilapho ukucindezela ohlangothini lokumunca kukhuphuka kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwalokhu kucindezela okuhlukile, amanzi adlulayo anengcindezi ephezulu epayipini elikhulu elimunca amanzi aphusha ipuleti levalvu yokuhlola bese egeleza emanzini adlulayo anengcindezi ephansi epayipini elikhulu lamanzi anomfutho, okwenza umfutho wamanzi ophansi lapho ukhuphuke; ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphampu yamanzi Umfutho wesando samanzi ukhuphuka ohlangothini lokumunca nawo uyancipha. Ngale ndlela, ukukhuphuka kwesando samanzi kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi ezinhlangothini zombili zesiteshi sokupompa amanzi kulawulwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ngempumelelo futhi kuvinjwe izingozi zesando samanzi.

(6) Setha i-valve yokuhlola enezigaba eziningi

Epayipini lamanzi elide, engeza i-valve yokuhlola eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, uhlukanise ipayipi lamanzi libe yizigaba eziningana, bese ufaka i-valve yokuhlola engxenyeni ngayinye. Lapho amanzi epayipini lamanzi ebuyela emuva ngesikhathi sesando samanzi, i-valve yokuhlola ngayinye ivaliwe ngokulandelana ukuze kuhlukanise ukugeleza kwe-backflush zibe izingxenye eziningana. Njengoba ikhanda le-hydrostatic esigabeni ngasinye sepayipi lamanzi (noma isigaba sokugeleza kwe-backflush) lincane kakhulu, izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi liyancishiswa. Ukuqinisa isando. Lesi silinganiso sokuzivikela singasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ezimweni lapho umehluko wokuphakama kwamanzi wejometri mkhulu; kodwa ayikwazi ukuqeda ithuba lokuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi. Ububi bayo obukhulu yilokhu: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhuphuka kwephampu yamanzi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile kanye nezindleko zokwenyuka kwamanzi.