Kokubili abasebenzisi nabakhiqizi balindele iphampu yecala lokuhlukaniswa kwe-axial ukusebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi endaweni engcono kakhulu yokusebenza kahle (BEP). Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, amaphampu amaningi ayaphambuka ku-BEP (noma asebenza ngomthwalo oyingxenye), kodwa ukuchezuka kuyehluka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuqonda izenzakalo zokugeleza ngaphansi komthwalo oyingxenye.

Umsebenzi wokulayisha ingxenye

Ukusebenza komthwalo oyingxenye kubhekisela esimweni sokusebenza sephampu engafinyeleli emthwalweni ogcwele (imvamisa iphoyinti lokuklama noma indawo yokusebenza kahle kakhulu).

Izenzakalo ezibonakalayo zephampu ngaphansi komthwalo oyingxenye

Lapho iphampu yecala lokuhlukaniswa kwe-axial isetshenziswa ngomthwalo oyingxenye, imvamisa ukwenzeka: ukugeleza kabusha kwangaphakathi, ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi (okungukuthi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amandla ajabulisayo), amandla eradial anda, ukudlidliza okwandisiwe, nomsindo okhulayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuwohloka kokusebenza kanye ne-cavitation kungase kwenzeke.

Amandla ajabulisayo nomthombo

Ngaphansi kwezimo zomthwalo oyingxenye, ukuhlukaniswa kokugeleza nokujikeleza kabusha kwenzeka ku-impeller kanye ne-diffuser noma i-volute. Ngenxa yalokho, ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi kukhiqizwa eduze kwe-impeller, okwenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amandla ajabulisayo asebenza ku-rotor yepompo. Kumaphampu anesivinini esikhulu, lawa mandla adonsela amanzi angaqinile ngokuvamile adlula kude amandla okungasebenzi kahle kwemishini futhi ngenxa yalokho ngokuvamile angumthombo oyinhloko wokuvusa amadlingozi.

Ukujikeleza kabusha kokugeleza kusuka ku-diffuser noma i-volute kubuyele ku-impeller futhi kusukela ku-impeller kubuyele embobeni yokudonsa kubangela ukusebenzisana okunamandla phakathi kwalezi zingxenye. Lokhu kunethonya elikhulu ekuzinzeni kwejika lokugeleza kwekhanda kanye namandla okuvusa.

Uketshezi oluzungezwe kabusha kusuka ku-diffuser noma i-volute futhi lusebenzisana noketshezi phakathi kwe-impeller sidewall ne-casing. Ngakho-ke, kunomthelela ku-axial thrust kanye noketshezi olugeleza ngegebe, okubuye kube nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni okuguquguqukayo kwe-rotor yepompo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqonde ukudlidliza kwe-rotor yepompo, izenzakalo zokugeleza ngaphansi komthwalo oyingxenye kufanele ziqondwe.

Izenzakalo zokugeleza koketshezi ngaphansi komthwalo oyingxenye

Njengoba umehluko phakathi kwephoyinti lesimo sokusebenza kanye nephuzu lokuklama (ngokuvamile iphoyinti elisebenza kahle kakhulu) likhula kancane kancane (ukugudlukela lapho ligeleza khona kancane), ukunyakaza koketshezi okungazinzile kuzokwakhiwa kuma-impeller noma ama-diffuser blades ngenxa yokugeleza kwendlela engalungile, okuzoholela ekuhlukaniseni ukugeleza (i-de-flow) kanye nokudlidliza komshini, okuhambisana nokwanda komsindo kanye ne-cavitation. Uma usebenza engxenyeni yomthwalo (okungukuthi amazinga okugeleza aphansi), amaphrofayili e-blade abonisa izenzakalo zokugeleza ezingazinzile kakhulu - uketshezi alukwazi ukulandela umkhonto wohlangothi lokumunca wama-blades, okuholela ekuhlukaniseni ukugeleza okuhlobene. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesendlalelo somngcele we-fluid kuyinkqubo yokugeleza engazinzile futhi kuphazamisa kakhulu ukuphambuka nokuguqulwa koketshezi kumaphrofayili we-blade, okudingekayo ekhanda. Kuholela ekushayeni kwengcindezi koketshezi olucutshunguliwe endleleni yokugeleza kwepompo noma izingxenye ezixhumene nepompo, ukudlidliza nomsindo. Ngaphezu kokuhlukaniswa kwesendlalelo somngcele we-fluid, izici eziqhubekayo zokulayisha ingxenye engathandeki icala lokuhlukanisa iphampu iphinde ithinteke ngokungazinzi kwengxenye yangaphandle yokulayisha kabusha i-impeller inlet (ukugeleza kwe-inlet return) kanye nokujikeleza kabusha kwengxenye yangaphakathi komthwalo endaweni ye-impeller (i-outlet return flow). I-recirculation yangaphandle ku-inlet ye-impeller kwenzeka uma kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinga lokugeleza (underflow) kanye nephuzu lokuklama. Ezimweni zomthwalo wengxenye, ukugeleza kokuqondisa kwe-inlet recirculation kuphambene nesiqondiso esikhulu sokugeleza epayipini lokumunca - lingatholwa kude elihambisana namadayimitha amapayipi okudonsa amaningana ngokuphambene nokugeleza okuyinhloko. Ukwandiswa kokugeleza kwe-axial ye-recirculation kuvinjelwe, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlukaniswa, ama-elbows kanye nezinguquko esigabeni sesiphambano sepayipi. Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-axial iphampu yecala enekhanda eliphezulu namandla emoto aphezulu asetshenziswa ngomthwalo oyingxenye, umkhawulo omncane, noma ngisho nalapho efile, amandla aphezulu okukhipha umshayeli azodluliselwa kuketshezi oluphathwayo, okubangela izinga lokushisa kwalo likhuphuke ngokushesha. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuhwamukeni kwendawo empompayo, okuzolimaza iphampu (ngenxa ye-gap jamming) noma kubangele ukuthi iphampu iqhume (ukwenyuka komfutho womhwamuko).

Isilinganiso esincane esiqhubekayo sokugeleza okuzinzile

Kupompo efanayo, ingabe isilinganiso sayo esincane esiqhubekayo sokugeleza esizinzile (noma iphesenti lezinga lokugeleza lephoyinti elisebenza kahle kakhulu) liyafana uma isebenza ngesivinini esinqunyiwe nesivinini esiguquguqukayo?

Impendulo ithi yebo. Ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso esincane esiqhubekayo sokugeleza okuzinzile sephampu ye-axial split case sihlobene nesivinini esiqondile sokumunca, uma usayizi wesakhiwo sohlobo lwepompo (izingxenye ezidlula ukugeleza) sekunqunyiwe, isivinini sayo esikhethekile siyanqunywa, kanye nobubanzi lapho iphampu itholakala khona. ingasebenza ngokuzinzile kunqunywa (okukhudlwana ijubane elithile lokumunca, lincane ububanzi bokusebenza okuzinzile kwepompo), okungukuthi, isilinganiso esincane esiqhubekayo sokugeleza esizinzile sepompo sinqunywa. Ngakho-ke, ngepompo enosayizi othile wesakhiwo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isebenza ngesivinini esinqunyiwe noma isivinini esiguquguqukayo, isilinganiso sayo esincane esiqhubekayo sokugeleza okuzinzile (noma iphesenti lezinga lokugeleza lephoyinti elisebenza kahle kakhulu) liyafana.