Ukuklama / ukwakheka okungalungile kwamapayipi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokungazinzi kwe-hydraulic kanye ne-cavitation ohlelweni lwepompo. Ukuze uvimbele i-cavitation, kufanele kugxilwe ekwakhiweni kwepayipi lokudonsa kanye nesistimu yokudonsa. I-Cavitation, i-recirculation yangaphakathi kanye nokufakwa emoyeni kungaholela emazingeni aphezulu omsindo nokudlidliza, okungalimaza izimpawu nama-bearings.

Iphampu Circulation Line

Uma a iphampu yecala lokuhlukanisa elivundlile kufanele isebenze ezindaweni ezihlukene zokusebenza, kungase kudingeke umugqa wokujikeleza ukuze ubuyisele ingxenye yoketshezi olumpontshwa ohlangothini lokumunca iphampu. Lokhu kuvumela iphampu ukuthi iqhubeke nokusebenza kahle nangokuthembekile ku-BEP. Ukubuyisela ingxenye yoketshezi kumosha amandla athile, kodwa kumaphampu amancane, amandla amoshekile angase angabi nalutho.

Uketshezi oluzungezayo kufanele lubuyiselwe emthonjeni wokumunca, hhayi emugqeni wokumunca noma epayipini lokungena lephampu. Uma ibuyiselwa emugqeni wokumunca, izodala isiyaluyalu ekumunceni kwepompo, kubangele izinkinga zokusebenza noma ngisho nomonakalo. Uketshezi olubuyisiwe kufanele lugeleze lubuyele kolunye uhlangothi lomthombo wokumunca, hhayi endaweni yokudonsa yepompo. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlelwa okufanele kwe-baffle noma eminye imiklamo efanayo ingaqinisekisa ukuthi uketshezi olubuyayo alubangeli isiphithiphithi emthonjeni wokumunca.

Ukusebenza Okufanayo

Lapho enkulu eyodwa iphampu yecala lokuhlukanisa elivundlile akunakwenzeka noma kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokugeleza okuphezulu, amaphampu amancane amaningi ngokuvamile ayadingeka ukuze asebenze ngokuhambisana. Isibonelo, abanye abakhiqizi bepompo bangase bangakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngepompo enkulu ngokwanele yephakheji enkulu yepompo yokugeleza. Ezinye izinsiza zidinga ukugeleza okubanzi kokusebenza lapho iphampu eyodwa ingakwazi ukusebenza ngokomnotho. Kulawa masevisi anesilinganiso esiphezulu, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili noma amaphampu asebenzayo kude ne-BEP yawo kudala ukumosheka kwamandla okubalulekile nezinkinga zokwethembeka.

Uma amaphampu esebenza ngokuhambisana, iphampu ngayinye ikhiqiza ukugeleza okuncane kunalokho obekungenza uma ibisebenza yodwa. Uma amaphampu amabili afanayo esebenza ngokufana, ukugeleza okuphelele kungaphansi kokuphindwe kabili ukugeleza kwepompo ngayinye. Ukusebenza okuhambisanayo kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesixazululo sokugcina naphezu kwezidingo ezikhethekile zohlelo lokusebenza. Isibonelo, ezimweni eziningi, amaphampu amabili asebenza ngokufana angcono kunamaphampu amathathu noma ngaphezulu asebenza ngokuhambisana, uma kungenzeka.

Ukusebenza okuhambisanayo kwamaphampu kungaba umsebenzi oyingozi futhi ongazinzile. Amaphampu asebenza ngokuhambisana adinga ukulinganiswa okucophelelayo, ukusebenza, nokuqapha. Amajika (ukusebenza) kwephampu ngayinye kudingeka afane - phakathi kuka-2 kuya ku-3%. Amajika epompo ahlanganisiwe kufanele ahlale eyisicaba uma kuqhathaniswa (kumaphampu asebenza ngokuhambisana, i-API 610 idinga ukukhushulwa kwekhanda okungenani okungu-10% wekhanda ekugelezeni okulinganiselwe endaweni efile).

Ukuhlukana Okuvundlile Iphampu yekesi Ukugoqa

Idizayini yamapayipi engalungile ingaholela kalula ekudlidlizeni kwephampu ngokweqile, izinkinga zokuthwala, izinkinga zophawu, ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezingxenye zephampu, noma ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele.

Ukudonsa amapayipi kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba uketshezi kufanele lube nezimo ezifanele zokusebenza, njengokucindezela nezinga lokushisa, lapho lufika embotsheni yokudonsa impompi. Ukugeleza okubushelelezi, okufanayo kunciphisa ubungozi be-cavitation futhi kuvumela iphampu ukuthi isebenze ngokuthembekile.

Amapayipi namadiamitha esiteshi anomthelela omkhulu ekhanda. Njengesilinganiso esinzima, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi ngenxa yokungqubuzana kuhambisana ngokuphambene namandla esihlanu obubanzi bepayipi.

Isibonelo, ukwanda kwe-10% kobubanzi bepayipi kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwekhanda cishe ngama-40%. Ngokufanayo, ukwanda okungama-20% kobubanzi bepayipi kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwekhanda ngo-60%.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukulahlekelwa kwekhanda lokungqubuzana kuzoba ngaphansi kuka-40% wokulahlekelwa kwekhanda kobubanzi bokuqala. Ukubaluleka kwe-net positive suction head (NPSH) ekumpompeni izinhlelo zokusebenza kwenza idizayini yepayipi lokumunca iphampu into ebalulekile.

Ukudonsa amapayipi kufanele kube lula futhi kuqonde ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ubude obuphelele kufanele buncishiswe. Amaphampu e-Centrifugal ngokuvamile kufanele abe nobude bokugijima obuqondile obuphindwe izikhathi eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyi-11 ubukhulu bepayipi lokudonsa ukuze kugwenywe isiphithiphithi.

Izihlungi zokumunca zesikhashana zivame ukudingeka, kodwa izihlungi zokudonsa unomphela ngokuvamile azinconywa.

Ukunciphisa i-NPSHR

Esikhundleni sokukhulisa iyunithi ye-NPSH (NPSHA), onjiniyela bamapayipi nabacubungula ngezinye izikhathi bazama ukunciphisa i-NPSH (NPSHR) edingekayo. Njengoba i-NPSHR iwumsebenzi womklamo wepompo kanye nesivinini sepompo, ukunciphisa i-NPSHR kuyinqubo enzima futhi ebizayo enezinketho ezilinganiselwe.

I-impeller orifice yokumunca kanye nosayizi jikelele wephampu yecala elihlukanisiwe elivundlile kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwepompo nokukhetha. Amaphampu anezimbobo ezinkulu zokudonsa ama-impeller angahlinzeka nge-NPSHR ephansi.

Kodwa-ke, i-impeller suction orifices emikhulu ingase ibangele izinkinga ezithile zokusebenza ne-fluid eguquguqukayo, njengezinkinga zokujikeleza kabusha. Amaphampu anesivinini esiphansi ngokuvamile ane-NPSH edingekayo ephansi; amaphampu anesivinini esiphezulu ane-NPSH ephakeme edingekayo.

Amaphampu anama-impeller amakhulu okumunca aklanywe ngokukhethekile angase abangele izinkinga eziphezulu zokujikeleza kabusha, okwehlisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka. Amanye amaphampu e-NPSHR aphansi aklanyelwe ukusebenza ngesivinini esiphansi kangangokuthi ukusebenza kahle kukonke akukona ukonga kuhlelo lokusebenza. Lawa maphampu anejubane eliphansi nawo anokwethenjelwa okuphansi.

Amaphampu amakhulu omfutho ophakeme angaphansi kwemingcele esebenzayo yendawo efana nendawo yepompo kanye nesakhiwo somkhumbi/thangi lokumunca, okuvimbela umsebenzisi wokugcina ekutholeni iphampu nge-NPSHR ehlangabezana nezingqinamba.

Kumaphrojekthi amaningi okuvuselela/okulungisa kabusha, ukwakheka kwesayithi akukwazi ukushintshwa, kodwa ipompo enkulu yokucindezela okukhulu isadingeka esizeni. Kulokhu, i-booster pump kufanele isetshenziswe.

Iphampu ye-booster iyiphampu enejubane eliphansi ene-NPSHR ephansi. Iphampu ye-booster kufanele ibe nezinga lokugeleza elifanayo nephampu enkulu. Iphampu ye-booster ngokuvamile ifakwa phezulu nomfula wephampu enkulu.

Ukuhlonza Imbangela Yokudlidliza

Amazinga okugeleza aphansi (ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-50% wokugeleza kwe-BEP) angabangela izinkinga eziningana eziguquguqukayo zamanzi, okuhlanganisa umsindo nokudlidliza okuvela ku-cavitation, ukuphindaphinda kwangaphakathi, nokungena emoyeni. Amanye amaphampu anekesi ehlukanisiwe akwazi ukumelana nokungazinzi kokudonsa kabusha kokudonsa ngamanani okugeleza aphansi kakhulu (ngezinye izikhathi aphansi njengama-35% wokugeleza kwe-BEP).

Kwamanye amaphampu, ukumuncwa kabusha kungenzeka cishe ku-75% wokugeleza kwe-BEP. Ukumunca kabusha kungabangela umonakalo othile kanye nokubhoboza, ngokuvamile okwenzeka cishe uhhafu wama-impeller blades.

I-Outlet recirculation ukungazinzi kwe-hydrodynamic okungenzeka futhi ekugelezeni okuphansi. Lokhu kuphinda kujikelezwe kungabangelwa ukucaciswa okungalungile ohlangothini lokuphuma kwe-impeller noma i-impeller shroud. Lokhu kungaholela futhi emigodini nokunye ukulimala.

Amabhamuza omhwamuko ekugelezeni koketshezi angabangela ukuntengantenga nokudlidliza. I-Cavitation ivamise ukulimaza imbobo yokudonsa ye-impeller. Umsindo nokudlidliza okubangelwa i-cavitation kungase kulingise okunye ukwehluleka, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwendawo yokubhoboza kanye nokulimala ku-impeller yepompo ngokuvamile kungaveza imbangela.

Ukungena kwegesi kuvamile lapho umpompa uketshezi eduze nendawo yokubilisa noma lapho ukudonsa kwamapayipi okuyinkimbinkimbi kubangela isiyaluyalu.