The amaphampu ekesi elihlukanisiwe elivundlile ziyinketho ethandwayo ezitshalweni eziningi ngoba zilula, zithembekile, futhi azisindi futhi zihlangene ekwakhiweni. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ukusetshenziswa kwe icala lokuhlukanisa amaphampu anyukile ezinhlelweni eziningi, njengezinhlelo zokusebenza, ngenxa yezizathu ezine:

1. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokuvalwa kwephampu ye-centrifugal

2. Ulwazi lwesimanje kanye nokumodela kwe-fluid mechanics kanye namandla okujikeleza

3. Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe zokukhiqiza izingxenye eziqondile ezijikelezayo kanye nemihlangano eyinkimbinkimbi ngezindleko ezifanele

4.Ikhono lokwenza ukulawula kube lula ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula besimanje, ikakhulukazi amadrayivu esivinini ashintshashintshayo (VSDs)

Ngokuphathelene nokuthembeka, ijika lepompo lifanelwe ukunakwa okwengeziwe kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwesicelo. Phakathi nenqubo yokukhetha, ukuhlela ijika lephoyinti lokusebenza kungasho umehluko phakathi kokulondoloza imali nokulahlekelwa yimali.

Iphuzu Elingcono Kakhulu Lokusebenza

Iphuzu elihle kakhulu lokusebenza kahle (BEP) iphuzu lapho i- iphampu yecala lokuhlukanisa elivundlile izinzile kakhulu. Uma ipompo isetshenziswa kude nephuzu le-BEP, ngeke nje iholele ekwandeni kwemithwalo engalingani - imithwalo ivame ukuphakama esikhungweni esifile sepompo, kodwa futhi (ngaphezu kwesikhathi eside sokusebenza) kunciphisa ukuthembeka kwepompo kanye ukuphila kwezingxenye zayo.

Idizayini yepompo ngokuvamile inquma ububanzi bayo bokusebenza obuphelele, kodwa iphampu ngokuvamile kufanele isetshenziswe phakathi kuka-80% kuya ku-109% we-BEP. Lobu bubanzi bulungile kodwa abusebenzi, futhi opharetha abaningi kufanele banqume ububanzi bokusebenza obuphelele ngaphambi kokukhetha iphampu.

I-net edingekayo ye-positive suction head pressure (NPSHR) ngokuvamile ikhawulela ububanzi bokusebenza bepompo ngokuya nge-BEP. Uma usebenza kahle ngaphezu kokugeleza kwe-BEP, ukwehla kwengcindezi ephasejini lokudonsa kanye namapayipi kuzokwehla kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-NPSHR. Lokhu kwehla kwengcindezi kungabangela i-cavitation kanye nokulimala kokupompa izingxenye.

Njengoba izingxenye zephampu ziguga futhi zikhula, ukucaciswa okusha kuyathuthuka. Uketshezi olumpontshwa luqala ukujikeleza kaningi (ukugeleza kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi - inothi le-pump salon) kunangesikhathi iphampu isentsha. Ukujikeleza kabusha kungaba nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kahle kwepompo.

Ama-opharetha kufanele ahlole ijika lokusebenza kwepompo layo yonke iphrofayela yokusebenza. Amaphampu asebenza ku-loop evaliwe noma isevisi yokutakula (enezinhlelo ze-bypass - inothi le-salon yepompo) kufanele asetshenziswe eduze ne-BEP noma phakathi kuka-5% kuya ku-10% kwesokunxele se-BEP. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, amasistimu e-loop avaliwe awanaki kancane ijika lokusebenza kwepompo.

Eqinisweni, abanye o-opharetha abawahloli amanye amaphoyinti okusebenza noma ububanzi bokugeleza kokutakula kujika lepompo. Ukugeleza kwesevisi yokugaya kabusha kungahluka kakhulu, yingakho opharetha kufanele bathole futhi bahlole zonke izindawo zokusebenza ezingaba khona ejikeni lepompo.

Amaphuzu Okusebenza Adlulele

Kusevisi yokudlulisa ngobuningi, ukuhlukaniswa okuvundlile iphampu yecala idlulisa uketshezi kusuka esitsheni noma ithangi elinamazinga ahlukene oketshezi ezindaweni zokudonsa nokukhipha. Iphampu impompa uketshezi ngaphandle embotsheni yokudonsa futhi igcwalise isiqukathi noma ithangi endaweni yokukhipha. Ezinye izinsizakalo zokudlulisa ngobuningi zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-valve okulawula, angashintsha kakhulu ingcindezi yokuhlukanisa.

Ikhanda lephampu lishintsha njalo, kodwa izinga lokushintsha lingaba phezulu noma liphansi.

Kunamaphoyinti amabili okusebenza ngokwedlulele kusevisi yokudlulisa ngobuningi, eyodwa ekhanda eliphezulu futhi enye ekhanda eliphansi kakhulu. Abanye o-opharetha bafanisa ngephutha i-BEP yephampu nendawo yokusebenza ekhanda eliphezulu futhi bakhohlwe ezinye izidingo zekhanda.

Iphampu ekhethiwe izosebenza kwesokudla se-BEP, inikeze ukusebenza okungathembekile nokusebenza kahle kancane. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuthi iphampu ilinganiselwe ukuze isebenze ekhanda eliphakeme kakhulu eduze ne-BEP, iphampu isayizi enkulu kunalokho okudingeka ibe yiyo ngempela.

Ukukhethwa kwepompo okungalungile endaweni yokusebenza yekhanda eliphansi kuzoholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, ukudlidliza okwengeziwe, uphawu olufushane kanye nempilo yokuthwala, kanye nokuthembeka okuphansi. Zonke lezi zici zingakhuphula kakhulu izindleko zokuqala nezokusebenza, okuhlanganisa izikhathi eziningi zokuphumula ezingahleliwe.

Ukuthola indawo emaphakathi

Ukukhethwa kwepompo yekesi elihlukanisiwe elingcono kakhulu elivundlile lesevisi yokudlulisa ngobuningi kuncike ekutholeni indawo yomsebenzi ekhanda eliphezulu kwesokunxele se-BEP noma ekhanda eliphansi kwesokudla se-BEP.

Ijika lepompo eliwumphumela kufanele lifake izindawo zokusebenza ezicabangela ezinye izici ezifana ne-NPSHR. Iphampu kufanele isebenze eduze kwe-BEP, okuyiphoyinti eliphakathi phakathi kwamakhanda aphezulu naphansi kakhulu, isikhathi esiningi.

Ngokuvamile, zonke izindawo zomsebenzi kufanele zikhonjwe futhi kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwephampu kuzo zonke izindawo zomsebenzi ezingaba khona.

Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile yizimo zokusebenza zephampu, futhi lapho ukusebenza kwepompo kuncipha kancane, indawo yokusebenza yepompo ejikeni lepompo liyalinganiselwa. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zephampu, njengesevisi yokudlulisa ngobuningi, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaphoyinti ekhanda aphezulu kakhulu naphansi, kanye nesivinini esiguquguqukayo se-centrifugal pu.