Njengomshini osetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwelashwa kwamanzi ezimbonini nasemphakathini, ukusebenza kwe iphampu yokumunca icala eliphindwe kabili ihlobene ngqo nokusebenza kahle kanye nomnotho wohlelo. Ngokuhumusha ngokujulile lawa majika okusebenza, abasebenzisi bangenza ukukhetha okufanele ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza kahle nokuthembekile kwephampu.

Ijika lokusebenza lephampu ngokuvamile liqukethe amapharamitha angukhiye ambalwa ukusiza abasebenzisi baqonde ukusebenza kwepompo futhi bakhethe iphampu efanele. Ngokusekelwe kumdwebo owunikezile, singakwazi ukuhumusha amanye amapharamitha ayinhloko nezincazelo zejika:

1. I-X-eksisi (izinga lokugeleza Q)

Izinga lokugeleza (Q): I-eksisi evundlile yegrafu imele izinga lokugeleza ku-m³/h. Ngokuvamile, uma izinga lokugeleza likhulu, umthamo wokuphuma wephampu uba mkhulu. Ngokuvamile le eksisi iyanda ukusuka kwesokunxele iye kwesokudla.

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2. I-eksisi ka-Y (ikhanda H)

Ikhanda (H): I-eksisi emile yegrafu imelela ikhanda ngamamitha (m). Ikhanda libonisa ukuphakama lapho iphampu ingaphakamisa khona uketshezi, okuyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa umthamo wepompo.

3. Imigqa ye-Equi-head

Imigqa yekhanda elilinganayo: Imigqa egobile emfanekisweni imigqa yekhanda elilinganayo, ngamunye ophawula inani lekhanda elithile (elifana nama-20m, 50m, njll.). Le migqa imelela ikhanda elinganikezwa iphampu ngamanani okugeleza ahlukene.

4. Amajika okusebenza kahle

Amajika okusebenza kahle: Nakuba ijika ngalinye elisebenza kahle lingaboniswa ngokuqondile kulesi sibalo, kugrafu yejika yokusebenza evamile, ngokuvamile kuba khona ijika (η) elisetshenziselwa ukubonisa ukusebenza kahle kwephampu. Lawa majika abonisa ukusebenza kahle kwepompo ngezinga lokugeleza elihambisanayo, ngokuvamile elivezwa njengephesenti. Amanye amagrafu asebenzisa imibala ehlukene noma izinhlobo zomugqa ukuze ahlukanise.

5. Ibanga lokusebenza

Ibanga lokusebenza: Ngokubheka imigqa yekhanda elilinganayo kugrafu, ububanzi bokusebenza obusebenzayo be- iphampu yokumunca icala eliphindwe kabili kunganqunywa. Ngokufanelekile, indawo yokusebenza (i-intersection of flow and head) kufanele ibe phakathi kwemigqa yekhanda futhi isondele endaweni ephakeme kakhulu (BEP) yomugqa wokusebenza kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.

6. Amandla ehhashi namandla

Izidingo zamandla: Nakuba le grafu igxile olwazini olumayelana nokugeleza nekhanda, ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zangempela, ijika lamandla lingasetshenziswa futhi ukuze kuqondwe amandla okufaka adingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe iphampu ngesilinganiso esithile sokugeleza.

7. Izibonelo zamajika

Amajika amamodeli ahlukene: Ngokuya ngemodeli yepompo kanye nomklamo, kuzoba namajika amaningi alinganayo ekhanda. Lawa majika ngokuvamile amakwa ngezinhlobo zemigqa ehlukene ukuze kube lula ukuhluka kokusebenza ngaphansi kwamamodeli ahlukene noma izimo ezihlukene zedizayini.

8. Amacala akhethekile

Amaphuzu okusebenza akhethekile angase aboniswe kugrafu ukukhombisa izici zokusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo othize noma izimo zesistimu, okubaluleke kakhulu ekukhethweni kwezinhlelo zokusebenza zangempela zobunjiniyela.

I-spectrum ye-curve yokusebenza ye- icala lokuhlukanisa iphampu yokumunca kabili inemisebenzi esemqoka elandelayo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza

Izinga lokugeleza nobudlelwano bekhanda: Ijika lingabonisa ngokunembile ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinga lokugeleza nekhanda, lisize abasebenzisi baqonde umthamo wokusebenza wephampu ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene zomthwalo.

2. Ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kahle

Ukuhlonza iphuzu elingcono kakhulu (BEP): Iphuzu elingcono kakhulu lokusebenza kahle ngokuvamile limakwa kugrafu, futhi abasebenzisi bangasebenzisa leli phuzu ukuze bakhethe ububanzi bokusebenza bephampu ukuze bathole ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nomnotho.

3. Ukufanisa uhlelo

Ukufanisa umthwalo: Kuhlanganiswe nezidingo zesistimu, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole uhlobo lwepompo olulungile lohlelo lwabo oluthile (njengokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, ukuchelela, inqubo yezimboni, njll.).

4. Ukukhetha iphampu

Ukuqhathanisa nokukhetha: Abasebenzisi bangaqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphampu ngokusebenzisa amajika okusebenza ukuze bakhethe iphampu ngokusebenza okungcono kakhulu.

5. Ukuphepha kokusebenza

Gwema i-cavitation: Ijika lingasiza futhi ekuhloleni ukuphakama kwe-net positive suction (NPSH), ukusiza ukuvimbela i-cavitation nezinye izinkinga, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza okuphephile kwepompo.

6. Izidingo zamandla

Ukubala kwamandla: Kubonisa amandla okokufaka adingekayo ngamanani okugeleza ahlukene, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze isabelomali samandla kanye nomklamo wesistimu.

7. Ukugunyazwa kanye nesiqondiso sokulondoloza

Ukuxazulula inkinga: Ngokuqhathanisa nejika lokusebenza, izisebenzi zokusebenza nezokulungisa zinganquma ngokushesha ukuthi ingabe iphampu isebenza ngokujwayelekile, nokuthi akhona yini amaphutha noma izinkinga zokunciphisa ukusebenza kahle.

8. Ukwenza ngcono uhlelo

Ukulawula okunembile: Ngejika lokusebenza, abasebenzisi bangathuthukisa idizayini yesistimu ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi iphampu isesimweni esingcono kakhulu sokusebenza.

Isiphetho

I-spectrum yejika lokusebenza iyithuluzi elibalulekile elingagcini nje ngokuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqonde ngokucacile izici zokusebenza zephampu yokumunca icala elihlukanisiwe, kodwa futhi inikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sokuklama kwesistimu kanye nokwenza kahle kokusebenza. Ngokuhlaziya ngokwesayensi nangokunengqondo nokusebenzisa la majika, abasebenzisi abakwazi ukukhetha kuphela uhlobo lwepompo olungcono kakhulu, kodwa futhi bakhulise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, banciphise izindleko zokulungisa, futhi banwebe impilo yesevisi yemishini ngesikhathi sokusebenza.