I-Cavitation iyingozi efihliwe  iphampu ye-turbine eqondile  ukusebenza, okubangela ukudlidliza, umsindo, nokuguguleka kwe-impeller okungaholela ekuhlulekeni okuyinhlekelele. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esiyingqayizivele (ubude be-shaft bufika emashumini amamitha) kanye nokufakwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-cavitation (ukuzimisela kwe-NPSHr) kwamaphampu e-turbine aqondile kubangela izinselele ezinkulu.

I. Closed-Loop Test Rig: Precision vs. Spatial Constraints

1.Izimiso Zokuhlola Nezinqubo

• Izisetshenziswa eziwumgogodla: Isistimu ye-loop evaliwe (iphampu ye-vacuum, ithangi lokuzinzisa, i-flowmeter, izinzwa zokucindezela) yokulawula ingcindezi yokungena ngokunembile.

• Inqubo:

· Lungisa isivinini sephampu nezinga lokugeleza.

· Yehlisa kancane kancane ingcindezi yokungena kuze kube yilapho ikhanda lehla ngo-3% (NPSHr definition point).

· Qopha ingcindezi ebalulekile futhi ubale i-NPSHr.

• Ukunemba Kwedatha: ±2%, ithobelana namazinga e-ISO 5199.

2. Izinselelo zamaphampu e-turbine aqondile

• Imikhawulo yesikhala: Izinsimbi ezijwayelekile ezivala iluphu ezinobude obuqondile obungu-≤5 m, azihambelani namaphampu ane-shaft ende (ubude obujwayelekile be-shaft: 10–30 m).

• Ukuhlanekezelwa Kokuziphatha Okunamandla: Amashafti afinyezayo ashintsha isivinini esibucayi nezindlela zokudlidliza, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-skewing.

3. Izicelo Zemboni

• Izimo Zokusebenzisa: Amaphampu we-deep-shaft ejulile (shaft ≤5 m), i-prototype ye-R&D.

• Isibonelo: Umkhiqizi wephampu wehlise i-NPSHr ngo-22% ngemva kokuthuthukisa idizayini ye-impeller ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezingu-200 ezivaliwe.

II. I-Open-Loop Test Rig: Ukulinganisa Ukuguquguquka Nokunemba

1. Izimiso Zokuhlola

• Vula Uhlelo:Isebenzisa umehluko wezinga loketshezi lwethangi noma amaphampu evacuum ukulawula ingcindezi yokungena (okulula kodwa okunembe kancane).

• Ukuthuthukiswa Okubalulekile:

· Ama-transmitter okucindezela okuhlukile okunemba okuphezulu (iphutha ≤0.1% FS).

· Ama-flowmeters e-laser (±0.5% ukunemba) athatha indawo yamamitha e-turbine evamile.

2. I-Vertical Turbine Pump Adaptations

• Ukulingisa Okujulile: Yakha amashafu angaphansi komhlaba (ukujula ≥ ubude beshafu yephampu) ukuze uphindaphinde izimo zokucwiliswa.

• Ukulungiswa Kwedatha:Ukumodela kwe-CFD kunxephezela ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi engenisayo okubangelwa ukumelana namapayipi.

III. Ukuhlolwa Kwenkundla: Ukuqinisekiswa Komhlaba Wangempela

1. Izimiso Zokuhlola

• Ukulungiswa Kokusebenza: Linganisa umfutho we-inlet ngokusebenzisa i-valve throttling noma izinguquko zesivinini se-VFD ukuze uhlonze izindawo zokuwa kwekhanda.

• Ifomula engukhiye:

NPSHr=NPSHr=ρgPin+2gvin2−ρgPv

(Idinga ukulinganisa iphinikhodi ye-inlet pressure, i-velocity vin, nezinga lokushisa loketshezi.)

Inqubo

Faka izinzwa zokucindezela okunembe kakhulu ku-inlet flange.

Vala kancane ama-valve angenayo ngenkathi uqopha ukugeleza, ikhanda, nokucindezela.

Ikhanda lesakhiwo vs. ijika lokucindezela kwe-inlet ukukhomba iphuzu lokuguquguquka kwe-NPSHr.

2.Izinselelo Nezixazululo

• Izinto eziphazamisayo:

· Ukudlidliza kwepayipi → Faka okokukhweza okulwa nokudlidliza.

· Ukufakwa kwegesi → Sebenzisa iziqapha zokuqukethwe kwegesi emgqeni.

• Izithuthukisi Zokunemba:

· Isilinganiso sokulinganisa okuningi.

· Hlaziya i-spectra yokudlidliza (ukuqala kwe-cavitation kubangela ama-energy spikes angu-1–4 kHz).

IV. Ukuhlolwa Kwemodeli Eyehlisiwe: Imibono Engabiza kakhulu

1. Ukufana Theory Isisekelo

•Imithetho yokukala: Gcina isivinini esithile ns; sikala ubukhulu be-impeller kanje:

· QmQ=(DmD)3,HmH=(DmD)2

•Idizayini Yemodeli:  1:2 kuya ku-1:5 izilinganiso zesikali; phindaphinda izinto kanye nobulukhuni bobuso.

2. Izinzuzo Zephampu Ye-Turbine Emile

•Ukuhambelana Kwesikhala: Amamodeli we-short-shaft alingana nezinsimbi zokuhlola ezijwayelekile.

•Ukonga Izindleko: Izindleko zokuhlola zehliselwe ku-10–20% wama-prototypes anesilinganiso esigcwele.

Imithombo Yephutha Nokulungiswa

•Imiphumela yesikali:  Ukuchezuka kwezinombolo ze-Reynolds → Sebenzisa amamodeli okulungisa isiphithiphithi.

•Ukuqina Komhlaba:  Amamodeli e-Polish ukuya ku-Ra≤0.8μm ukuze asuse ukulahleka kokungqubuzana.

V. Ukulingisa Kwedijithali: Inguquko Yokuhlola Okubonakalayo

1. Ukumodela kweCFD

•Inqubo:

Yakha amamodeli e-3D agcwele ukugeleza.

Lungiselela ukugeleza kwe-multiphase (amanzi + umhwamuko) namamodeli we-cavitation (isb, i-Schnerr-Sauer).

Phinda kuze kube u-3% wehla ikhanda; khipha i-NPSHr.

• Ukuqinisekisa: Imiphumela ye-CFD ikhombisa ≤8% ukuchezuka ekuhlolweni komzimba ezifundweni.

2. Isibikezelo Sokufunda Ngomshini

• Indlela Eqhutshwa Ngedatha:  Qeqesha amamodeli okuhlehla kudatha yomlando; okokufaka kwe-impeller (D2, β2, njll.) ukubikezela i-NPSHr.

• Inzuzo: Iqeda ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, ukusika imijikelezo yokuklama ngo-70%.

Isiphetho: Kusukela ku-"Empirical Guesswork" kuya kokuthi "Quantifiable Precision"

Ukuhlola i-cavitation yepompo ye-turbine eqondile kufanele kunqobe umbono oyiphutha wokuthi "izakhiwo ezihlukile zivimbela ukuhlolwa okunembile." Ngokuhlanganisa amarigi avaliwe/avulekile, ukuhlolwa kwenkambu, amamodeli anezikali, nezifaniso zedijithali, onjiniyela bangakwazi ukulinganisa i-NPSHr ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiklamo namasu okulungisa. Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwe-hybrid namathuluzi e-AI kuqhubeka, ukuzuza ukubonakala okuphelele nokulawula ukusebenza kwe-cavitation kuzoba umkhuba ojwayelekile.