Uma sikhuluma ngamaphampu ezinqubo zamakhemikhali, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izimboni, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wamakhemikhali, amaphampu ezinqubo zamakhemikhali angagqwali ayanda ngokudlala indima ebalulekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ngenxa yolwazi lwendawo lapho kusetshenziswa khona amaphampu enqubo yamakhemikhali, ngokuvamile enziwa ngensimbi noma nge-fluoroF46. Ezinsimbi ezivamile, ukwakheka kwazo kuthambekele kakhulu ekugqwaleni, futhi indawo yangaphandle efana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama nomoya Izoholela ngokuqondile ekugqwaleni kwensimbi, ngakho-ke izinto zethu ezivamile zamaphampu ezinqubo zamakhemikhali amelana nokugqwala ziyinsimbi engagqwali kanye ne-fluoroplastic F46.

Indawo efanelekile yamaphampu ezinqubo zamakhemikhali empeleni iyagqwala, futhi ekuhlukaniseni ukugqwala, ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezimbili zokuhlukanisa.

Umshini uhlukaniswa, kanti omunye uhlukaniswa ngokwembangela nokubukeka kokugqwala. Ngokomshini wokugqwala, ingahlukaniswa ibe ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali. Ukugqwala kwe-Electrochemical ikakhulukazi kubhekisela esimweni sokugqwala okubangelwa ukusabela kwe-electrode ebusweni bensimbi ngemva kokuhlangana nesisombululo se-electrolyte. Lokhu kusabela ngokuvamile kuwukusabela kwe-redox, futhi izici eziyinhloko umswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa kwendawo ezungezile; Ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali okunamandla phakathi kwensimbi nendawo ezungezile, okubangela ukuba insimbi yonakale ngezinga elithile. Izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu kugqwala izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nendawo eyomile. Ngokubukeka nezimbangela zokugqwala, ingahlukaniswa ngokugqwala okuxebukayo, ukugqwala komkhathi wezimboni, ukugqwala kwe-oxidation okushisa okuphezulu kanye nokugqwala komkhathi wasolwandle.

Emvelweni enokungcola okungathi sína kwezimboni, ngenxa yokuthi kunezinto ezishintshashintshayo ezifana ne-sulfide, i-carbon dioxide ne-hydroxide emoyeni, futhi iqukethe nothuli oluthile lwezimboni, lezi yimithombo yezindaba okulula ukubangela ukugqwala. Lapho le mithombo yezindaba isendaweni enomswakama, igesi ye-asidi izohlangana namanzi yakhe ama-asidi angaphili. Lawa ma-asidi anezakhiwo eziqinile ezonakalisayo, ngakho azodala ukugqwala. Emvelweni womkhathi wezimboni, okokusebenza kubangelwa umphumela ohlangene wokugqwala kwe-electrochemical kanye nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali okuqondile. Ingqikithi yakho konke ukugqwala empeleni kuyinqubo ye-oxidation lapho izakhi zensimbi zilahlekelwa ama-electron ukuze zakhe ama-ion. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-electrochemical corrosion kanye ne-industrial atmospheric corrosion yizindawo ezihlukene ezenzeka kuzo.

Ukugqwala kwemishini kuhlobene eduze nezinto zemishini. Enqubeni yokukhetha izinto zamakhemikhali, kufanele sigxile ekuveleni kokugqwala, sinake ukukhethwa okufanele kwezinto zokwakha, futhi sicabangele ngokugcwele izakhiwo ze-medium, izinga lokushisa lemvelo kanye nokucindezela kokusebenza, njll Ngokusho kwe imboni yamakhemikhali Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nesakhiwo kanye nohlobo lwempahla yokuklama. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kufanele kugxile ezidingweni zokukhiqiza kanye nezici zokucindezeleka ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kwemishini yamakhemikhali, futhi izici ezilandelayo kufanele zinakwe ekwakhiweni: okokuqala, izidingo zesakhiwo somkhiqizo kufanele zihambisane nokugqwala. izidingo zokumelana nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali; okwesibili Kudingeka ukunaka ukusebenza kokuqina nokushelela kwemishini yamakhemikhali, ukuvimbela ukumiswa kwemidiya egqwalayo, ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okungalingani, ukufiphala kwesitimu kanye nokuqoqwa kwemikhiqizo yokugqwala; ekugcineni, kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuvikelwa kwamandla angaphandle ukuvimbela ukugqwala kokukhathala okubangelwa ukushintshana kokucindezeleka.