Kukho amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela kwihamile yamanzi, kodwa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo kufuneka athathwe ngokwezizathu ezinokuthi zenzeke kwihamile yamanzi.

1. Ukunciphisa isantya sokuhamba kombhobho wamanzi kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwehamile yamanzi ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, kodwa kuya kwandisa ububanzi bombhobho wamanzi kunye nokwandisa utyalo-mali lweprojekthi. Xa ubeka imibhobho yamanzi, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukuphepha ama-humps okanye utshintsho olukhulu kwi-slope.

Nciphisa ubude bombhobho wamanzi. Okukhona umbhobho omde, kokukhona ixabiso lehamile yamanzi lilikhulu xa i ityala lokwahlula impompo yamanzi imisiwe. Ukusuka kwisikhululo sokupompa esinye ukuya kwizitishi ezimbini zokumpompa, iqula lokufunxa amanzi lisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izikhululo zokupompa ezimbini.

Ubungakanani behamile yamanzi xa ipompo imisiwe ihambelana ikakhulu nentloko yejometri yegumbi lokumpompa. Ukuphakama kwentloko yejometri, likhulu ixabiso lehamile yamanzi xa impompo imisiwe. Ngoko ke, intloko yepompo efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zangempela zendawo.

Emva kokumisa umpompo ngenxa yengozi, umbhobho emva kwe-valve yokutshekisha kufuneka uzaliswe ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba uqale umpompo.

Xa uqalisa impompo, musa ukuvula ngokupheleleyo i-valve yokukhupha impompo yamanzi, ngaphandle koko impembelelo enkulu yamanzi iya kwenzeka. Iingozi ezinkulu zehamile zamanzi kwiindawo ezininzi zokumpompa zihlala zisenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo.

2. Misela isixhobo sokuphelisa ihamile yamanzi

(1) Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yokulawula amandla ombane rhoqo

Inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ye-PLC yamkelwa ukuba iqhube ulawulo lwesantya sokuguqulwa kwesantya kwimpompo, kwaye iphumeze ulawulo oluzenzekelayo ekusebenzeni kwayo yonke inkqubo yegumbi lokumpompa amanzi. Ekubeni uxinzelelo lwenethiwekhi yombhobho wokuhambisa amanzi luqhubeka nokutshintsha kunye nokutshintsha kweemeko zokusebenza, uxinzelelo oluphantsi okanye uxinzelelo luhlala luvela ngexesha lokusebenza kwenkqubo, enokuthi ibangele kalula isando samanzi, ekhokelela kumonakalo kwimibhobho kunye nezixhobo. Inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ye-PLC isetyenziselwa ukulawula inethiwekhi yombhobho. Ukufunyanwa koxinzelelo, ukulawulwa kwempendulo yokuqala kunye nokuyeka impompo yamanzi kunye nokulungiswa kwesantya, ukulawula ukuhamba, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kugcinwe uxinzelelo kwinqanaba elithile. Uxinzelelo lonikezelo lwamanzi lwempompo lunokusetwa ngokulawula i-microcomputer ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi rhoqo kwaye ugweme ukuguquguquka okukhulu koxinzelelo. Amathuba ehamile yamanzi ayancitshiswa.

(2) Faka isixhobo sokuphelisa ihamile yamanzi

Esi sixhobo sithintela kakhulu ihamile yamanzi xa impompo imisiwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo ifakelwa kufuphi nombhobho wokuphuma wempompo yamanzi yecala eliqhekezayo. Isebenzisa uxinzelelo lombhobho ngokwawo njengamandla okuqonda isenzo esizenzekelayo esiphantsi koxinzelelo. Okokuthi, xa uxinzelelo kumbhobho lungaphantsi kwexabiso elimiselweyo lokukhusela, i-port drain iya kuvula ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhupha amanzi. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lwemibhobho yendawo kunye nokuthintela impembelelo yehamile yamanzi kwizixhobo kunye nemibhobho. Ii-eliminators zinokwahlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ziindidi ezimbini: oomatshini kunye ne-hydraulic. Izixhobo zokuphelisa oomatshini zibuyiselwa ngesandla emva kwesenzo, ngelixa ii-hydraulic eliminators zinokusetwa kwakhona ngokuzenzekelayo.

(3) Fakela ivalve yokukhangela evala kancinci kwidiameter enkulu isitya sokuqhekeza impompo yamanzi pumbhobho iplagi

Inokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ihamile yamanzi xa impompo imisiwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umlinganiselo othile wamanzi uya kubuyela emva xa ivalve ivuliwe, iqula lokufunxa amanzi kufuneka libe nombhobho ophuphumayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeevalvu zokujonga ukuvala ngokukhawuleza: uhlobo lwehamile kunye nohlobo lokugcina amandla. Olu hlobo lwesivalo lunokulungelelanisa ixesha lokuvala ivalve ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile njengoko kufuneka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-valve ivala i-70% ukuya kwi-80% ngaphakathi kwe-3 ukuya kwi-7 imizuzwana emva kokuphela kombane. I-20% ukuya kwi-30% yexesha lokuvala eliseleyo lihlengahlengiswa ngokwemiqathango yempompo yamanzi kunye nombhobho, ngokubanzi kwi-10 ukuya kwi-30 imizuzwana. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba xa kukho i-hump kwipayipi kunye nesando samanzi senzeke, indima yevalve yokujonga ukuvala ngokukhawuleza iyancipha kakhulu.

(4) Misa inqaba yokulawula uxinzelelo ecalanye

Yakhiwe kufuphi nesikhululo sokumpompa okanye kwindawo efanelekileyo kumbhobho, kwaye ukuphakama kwendlela enye yokulawula uxinzelelo kuphantsi kunoxinzelelo lwemibhobho apho. Xa uxinzelelo kumbhobho lungaphantsi kumphakamo wamanzi kwinqaba, inqaba elawula uxinzelelo iphinda izalise amanzi kumbhobho ukuthintela intsika yamanzi ekubeni yaphuke kwaye ibhulorho isando samanzi. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo salo sokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwihamile yamanzi ngaphandle kwesando sokumisa amanzi sempompo, njengehamile yokuvala ivalve yamanzi, ilinganiselwe. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kwevalve yendlela enye esetyenziswa kwindlela enye yokulawula uxinzelelo kufuneka ithembeke ngokupheleleyo. Nje ukuba ivalve ingaphumeleli, inokubangela ihamile enkulu yamanzi.

(5) Misela umbhobho wokudlula (ivalve) kwisikhululo sokumpompa

Xa inkqubo yempompo isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, i-valve yokukhangela ivaliwe ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi kwicala loxinzelelo lwempompo luphezulu kunoxinzelelo lwamanzi kwicala lokufunxa. Xa ukuphuma kombane ngengozi kuyeka ngokukhawuleza impompo yamanzi, uxinzelelo ekuphumeni kwesikhululo sempompo yamanzi lwehla kakhulu, ngelixa uxinzelelo kwicala lokufunxa lukhuphuka kakhulu. Phantsi kolu xinzelelo lwahlukileyo, amanzi adlulayo anoxinzelelo oluphezulu kumbhobho ophambili wokufunxa amanzi atyhala avule ipleyiti yevalve yevalvu kwaye aqukuqelele kumanzi aphantsi oxinzelelo oluphantsi kumbhobho ongundoqo wamanzi oxinzelelo, obangela ukuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi aphantsi apho lunyuke; kwelinye icala, impompo yamanzi Ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwehamile yamanzi kwicala lokufunxa nalo kuncitshisiwe. Ngale ndlela, ukunyuka kwehamile yamanzi kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo kumacala omabini esikhululo sempompo yamanzi zilawulwa, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zikhusele iingozi zehamile yamanzi.

(6) Cwangcisa ivalve yokujonga izigaba ezininzi

Kumbhobho omde wamanzi, yongeza i-valve enye okanye ngaphezulu yokukhangela, ukwahlula umbhobho wamanzi kumacandelo amaninzi, kwaye ufake i-valve yokukhangela kwicandelo ngalinye. Xa amanzi kumbhobho wamanzi ebuyela emva ngexesha lehamile yamanzi, ivalve nganye yokutshekisha ivalwa enye emva kwenye ukwahlula ukuqukuqela okubuyela ngasemva kumacandelo amaninzi. Ekubeni intloko ye-hydrostatic kwicandelo ngalinye lombhobho wamanzi (okanye icandelo lokuhamba kwe-backflush) lincinci kakhulu, izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi liyancipha. Ukunyuswa kwehamile. Lo mlinganiso wokukhusela unokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwiimeko apho umehluko wokuphakama kwamanzi wejometri mkhulu; kodwa ayikwazi ukuphelisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi. Intlupheko yayo enkulu kukuba: ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwimpompo yamanzi ngexesha lokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zokubonelela ngamanzi.