Bobabini abasebenzisi kunye nabavelisi balindele impompo yecala lokwahlulwa kwe-axial ukuhlala usebenza kweyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokusebenza kakuhle (BEP). Ngelishwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, iimpompo ezininzi ziyaphambuka kwi-BEP (okanye zisebenze kumthwalo oyinxalenye), kodwa ukutenxa kuyahluka. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda i-flow phenomena phantsi komthwalo oyingxenye.

Umsebenzi womthwalo ongaphelelanga

Umsebenzi womthwalo ongaphelelanga ubhekiselele kwimeko yokusebenza yempompo engafikeleli kumthwalo opheleleyo (ngokuqhelekileyo indawo yoyilo okanye eyona ndawo isebenzayo).

Iziganeko ezicacileyo zempompo phantsi komthwalo oyingxenye

xa impompo yecala lokwahlulwa kwe-axial isetyenziswa kumthwalo oyinxenye, idla ngokukwenzeka: ukuqukuqela kwakhona kwangaphakathi, ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo (oko kukuthi, oko kubizwa ngokuba ngamandla achulumancisayo), ukonyuka kwamandla eradial, ukungcangcazela okwandisiweyo, kunye nengxolo eyandisiweyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuthotywa kokusebenza kunye ne-cavitation kunokwenzeka kwakhona.

Amandla avuyisayo kunye nomthombo

Ngaphantsi kweemeko zomthwalo ongaphelelanga, ukwahlukana kokuhamba kunye nokujikeleza kwakhona kwenzeka kwi-impeller kunye ne-diffuser okanye i-volute. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kuveliswa malunga ne-impeller, eyenza into ebizwa ngokuba yinto enomdla esebenza kwi-rotor yepompo. Kwiimpompo ezinesantya esiphezulu, la mandla angazinzanga e-hydraulic ahlala edlula kakhulu amandla okungasebenzi kakuhle koomatshini kwaye ke ngoko adla ngowona mthombo uphambili wovuselelo lokungcangcazela.

Ukujikeleza kwakhona kokuhamba ukusuka kwi-diffuser okanye i-volute emva kwe-impeller kwaye ukusuka kwi-impeller umva ukuya kwizibuko lokufunxa kubangela intsebenziswano enamandla phakathi kwala macandelo. Oku kunempembelelo enkulu ekuzinzeni kwe-head-flow curve kunye ne-excitation forces.

Ulwelo oluphinda lujikeleziswe kwi-diffuser okanye i-volute lukwasebenzisana nolwelo phakathi kwe-impeller sidewall kunye ne-casing. Ngoko ke, inempembelelo kwi-axial thrust kunye ne-fluid ehamba nge-gap, leyo yona inefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni okuguquguqukayo kwe-rotor yepompo. Ngoko ke, ukuze uqonde ukungcangcazela kwe-rotor yepompo, ukuhamba kwezinto phantsi komthwalo oyingxenye kufuneka kuqondwe.

Iziganeko zokuqukuqela kolwelo phantsi komthwalo ongaphelelanga

Njengoko umahluko phakathi kwendawo yemeko yokusebenza kunye nendawo yokuyila (ngokuqhelekileyo eyona ndawo isebenzayo) ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe (ukutshintshela kwicala lokuhamba okuncinci), ukunyakaza okungazinzanga kwamanzi kuya kwenziwa kwi-impeller okanye i-diffuser blades ngenxa yokuhamba ngendlela engathandekiyo, okuya kukhokelela ekuhlukaneni kokuhamba (i-de-flow) kunye ne-vibration yomatshini, ehamba kunye nokunyuka kwesandi kunye ne-cavitation. Xa usebenza kwinxalenye yomthwalo (oko kukuthi, amazinga okuhamba aphantsi), iiprofayili ze-blade zibonisa ukuhamba okungazinzanga kakhulu - ulwelo alukwazi ukulandela i-contour yecala lokufunxa leencakuba, ezikhokelela ekwahlukaneni kokuhamba okuhambelanayo. Ukwahlula koluhlu lomda we-fluid yinkqubo yokuhamba engazinzanga kwaye iphazamisa kakhulu ukuphambuka kunye nokuguqulwa kwamanzi kwiiprofayili ze-blade, eziyimfuneko kwintloko. Ikhokelela kuxinzelelo lwe-pulsations yolwelo olucutshungulweyo kwindlela yokuhamba kwempompo okanye amacandelo adityaniswe nempompo, ii-vibrations kunye nengxolo. Ukongeza kokwahlulwa komda womda we-fluid, icandelo elihlala lingathandekiyo leempawu zokusebenza komthwalo ityala lokwahlula impompo ikwachatshazelwa kukungazinzi kwenxalenye yangaphandle yokulayisha kwakhona kwi-impeller inlet (i-inlet return flow) kunye nenxalenye yangaphakathi yokulayisha kwakhona kwi-impeller outlet (i-outlet return flow). Ukuphindaphinda kwangaphandle kwi-inlet ye-impeller kwenzeka ukuba kukho umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwesantya sokuhamba (ukuhamba ngaphantsi) kunye nendawo yokuyila. Kwimeko yomthwalo wenxalenye, ulwalathiso lokuhamba kwe-inlet recirculation luchasene nolwalathiso lokuhamba oluphambili kumbhobho wokufunxa - inokubonwa kumgama ohambelana needamitha ezininzi zombhobho wokufunxa kwicala elichaseneyo lokuhamba okuphambili. Ukwandiswa kwe-axial flow of the recirculation kuthintelwe, umzekelo, izahlulo, ii-elbows kunye notshintsho kwicandelo lokuwela umbhobho. Ukuba ukwahlukana kwe-axial impompo yetyala ngentloko ephezulu kunye namandla aphezulu emoto asebenza kumthwalo oyinxalenye, umda omncinci, okanye nakwindawo yokufa, amandla aphezulu okukhutshwa komqhubi aya kudluliselwa kumanzi aphathwayo, okubangela ukuba ubushushu balo bunyuke ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekuphuhliseni umphunga we-medium pumped, eya konakalisa impompo (ngenxa ye-gap jamming) okanye ibangele ukuba impompo iqhume (ukwanda koxinzelelo lomphunga).

Ubuncinci bezinga lokuqukuqela elizinzileyo

Kwimpompo efanayo, ngaba ubuncinci bezinga lokuhamba oluzinzile (okanye ipesenti yezinga eliphezulu lokuhamba kwephuzu) lifanayo xa lisebenza ngesantya esisisigxina kunye nesantya esiguquguqukayo?

Impendulo nguewe. Ngenxa yokuba ubuncinci obuqhubekayo obuzinzileyo bokuhamba komyinge wempompo ye-axial yokwahlukana kwemeko inxulumene nesantya esithile sokufunxa, xa ubungakanani besakhiwo sohlobo lwempompo (iinxalenye ezidlulayo) zimisiwe, isantya salo sokufunxa simisiwe, kunye noluhlu apho impompo inokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo imiselwe (eyona inkulu isantya sokufunxa, incinci isantya sokusebenza esizinzile sempompo), oko kukuthi, ubuncinci obuqhubekayo besantya sokuhamba kompompo buchongiwe. Ngoko ke, kwimpompo enobungakanani obuthile besakhiwo, nokuba isebenza ngesantya esisisigxina okanye isantya esiguquguqukayo, ubuncinane bayo obuncinci obuqhubekayo bezinga lokuhamba okuzinzile (okanye ipesenti yezinga lokuhamba kweyona nto isebenzayo) iyafana.