Uyilo lwemibhobho engafanelekanga / ukwakheka kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nokungazinzi kwe-hydraulic kunye ne-cavitation kwinkqubo yempompo. Ukuthintela i-cavitation, ingqwalasela kufuneka ibekwe kwi-design ye-suction piping kunye ne-suction system. I-Cavitation, i-recirculation yangaphakathi kunye nokunyanzeliswa komoya kunokukhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lengxolo kunye nokunyakaza, okungonakalisa izitywina kunye neebheringi.

Umgca wokujikeleza wempompo

Xa impompo yecala lokwahlulwa elithe tyaba kufuneka isebenze kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, umgca wokujikeleza unokufuneka ubuyisele inxalenye yolwelo olumponlweyo kwicala lokufunxa impompo. Oku kuvumela umpompo ukuba uqhubeke nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembeka kwi-BEP. Ukubuyisela inxalenye yolwelo kuchitha amandla athile, kodwa kwiimpompo ezincinci, amandla achithwayo asenokungahoywa.

Ulwelo olujikelezayo kufuneka lubuyiselwe kumthombo wokufunxa, hayi kumgca wokufunxa okanye kumbhobho wokungenisa impompo. Ukuba ibuyiselwe kumgca wokufunxa, iya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kwimpompo yokufunxa, kubangela iingxaki zokusebenza okanye umonakalo. Ulwelo olubuyisiweyo kufuneka lubuyele kwelinye icala lomthombo wokufunxa, hayi kwindawo yokufunxa yempompo. Ngesiqhelo, ulungiselelo olufanelekileyo lwebhaffle okanye olunye uyilo olufanayo lunokuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo olubuyayo alubangeli siphithiphithi kumthombo wokufunxa.

Umsebenzi ofanayo

Xa inkulu enye impompo yecala lokwahlulwa elithe tyaba ayinakwenzeka okanye kwizicelo ezithile zokuqukuqela okuphezulu, iimpompo ezincinci ezininzi zihlala zifuneka ukuba zisebenze ngokunxuseneyo. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abavelisi bempompo abanako ukukwazi ukubonelela ngempompo enkulu ngokwaneleyo kwipakethi enkulu yempompo. Ezinye iinkonzo zifuna uluhlu olubanzi lokuhamba komsebenzi apho impompo enye ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokwezoqoqosho. Kwezi nkonzo zinereyithi ephezulu, ukukhwela ibhayisekile okanye iimpompo ezisebenzayo kude ne-BEP yazo kudala inkcitho enkulu yamandla kunye nemiba yokuthembeka.

Xa iimpompo zisebenza ngokunxuseneyo, impompo nganye ivelisa ukuhamba okuncinci kunokuba bekuya kuba njalo ukuba ibisebenza yodwa. Xa iipompo ezimbini ezifanayo zisebenza ngokufanayo, ukuhamba ngokupheleleyo kungaphantsi kokuphindwe kabini ukuhamba kwempompo nganye. Ukusebenza okufanayo kudla ngokusetyenziswa njengesisombululo sokugqibela nangona iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zesicelo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpompo ezimbini ezisebenza ngokufanayo zingcono kuneempompo ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu ezisebenza ngokufanayo, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Ukusebenza okufanayo kweempompo kunokuba ngumsebenzi onobungozi kunye nongazinzanga. Iimpompo ezisebenza ngokunxuseneyo zifuna ukulinganisa ngononophelo, ukusebenza, kunye nokubekwa esweni. Iigophe (ukusebenza) kwempompo nganye kufuneka zifane - ngaphakathi kwe-2 ukuya kwi-3%. Iigophe zempompo ezidibeneyo kufuneka zihlale zithe tyaba (kwiimpompo ezisebenza ngokuhambelanayo, i-API 610 ifuna ukunyuka kwentloko okungenani i-10% yentloko kwi-rated flow to dead center).

Ukwahlula okuthe tye Impompo yetyala Ukugoba

Uyilo lwemibhobho olungafanelekanga lunokukhokelela ngokulula kukungcangcazela okugqithisileyo kwempompo, iingxaki zokuthwala, iingxaki zokutywina, ukungaphumeleli kwangaphambi kwexesha kwezinto zempompo, okanye ukungaphumeleli kwentlekele.

Imibhobho yokufunxa ibaluleke kakhulu kuba ulwelo kufuneka lube neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza, njengoxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, xa lufikelela kumngxunya wokufunxa wempompo. I-Smooth, ukuhamba okufanayo kunciphisa umngcipheko we-cavitation kwaye ivumela ipompo ukuba isebenze ngokuthembekileyo.

Umbhobho kunye nobubanzi bomjelo banempembelelo ebalulekileyo entloko. Njengoqikelelo olurhabaxa, ilahleko yoxinzelelo ngenxa yongquzulwano ihambelana ngokungafaniyo namandla esihlanu obubanzi bombhobho.

Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuka kwe-10% kwi-diameter yepayipi kunokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwentloko malunga ne-40%. Ngokufanayo, ukunyuka kwe-20% kwi-diameter yepayipi kunokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwentloko nge-60%.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukulahleka kwentloko ye-friction kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-40% yokulahlekelwa kwentloko yobukhulu bokuqala. Ukubaluleka kwe-net positive suction head (NPSH) ekumpompeni izicelo kwenza uyilo lwembhobho yokufunxa impompo ibe yinto ebalulekileyo.

Imibhobho yokufunxa kufuneka ibelula kwaye ithe tye kangangoko, kwaye ubude bubonke kufuneka bucuthwe. Iimpompo ze-centrifugal kufuneka zibenobude obude obuthe tye ka-6 ukuya kwi-11 umbhobho wedayamitha yokufunxa ukunqanda isiphithiphithi.

Izihluzo zokufunxa okwexeshana zihlala zifuneka, kodwa izihluzo zokufunxa ezisisigxina azikhuthazwa.

Ukunciphisa i-NPSHR

Endaweni yokunyusa iyunithi ye-NPSH (NPSHA), iipayipi kunye neenjineli zenkqubo ngamanye amaxesha zizama ukunciphisa i-NPSH efunekayo (NPSHR). Ekubeni i-NPSHR ingumsebenzi woyilo lwempompo kunye nesantya sempompo, ukunciphisa i-NPSHR yinkqubo enzima kunye neendleko ezinokhetho olulinganiselweyo.

I-impeller suction orifice kunye nobukhulu bebonke bempompo yecala lokwahlulwa okuthe tye yingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwempompo kunye nokukhetha. Iimpompo ezinendawo enkulu yokufunxa i-impeller zinokubonelela nge-NPSHR esezantsi.

Nangona kunjalo, i-impeller orifices enkudlwana yokufunxa inokubangela ezinye iingxaki zokusebenza kunye nolwelo oluguquguqukayo, njengemiba yokujikeleza kwakhona. Iimpompo ezinezantya ezisezantsi ngokubanzi zine-NPSH efunekayo esezantsi; iimpompo ezinezantya eziphezulu zine-NPSH ephezulu efunekayo.

Iimpompo ezinezithinteli ezinkulu zokufunxa eziyilwe ngokukodwa zinokubangela imiba ephezulu yokujikeleza kwakhona, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthembeka. Ezinye iimpompo ze-NPSHR eziphantsi ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenze ngesantya esiphantsi kangangokuba ukusebenza kakuhle akukona ukonga kwisicelo. Ezi mpompo zesantya esisezantsi nazo zinokuthembeka okuphantsi.

Iimpompo ezinkulu zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zixhomekeke kwimithintelo yesiza esebenzayo njengendawo yempompo kunye noyilo lwenqanawa yokufunxa/itanki, ethintela umsebenzisi wokugqibela ekufumaneni impompo nge-NPSHR ehlangabezana nemiqobo.

Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zokuhlaziya / ukulungiswa kwakhona, i-site layout ayinakuguqulwa, kodwa ipompo enkulu yoxinzelelo oluphezulu isafuneka kwisiza. Kule meko, kufuneka kusetyenziswe impompo ye-booster.

Impompo ye-booster yimpompo enesantya esisezantsi ene-NPSHR ephantsi. Impompo ye-booster kufuneka ibe nesantya sokuhamba okufanayo njengempompo enkulu. Impompo ye-booster idla ngokufakelwa phezulu kumpompo oyintloko.

Ukuchonga unobangela wokungcangcazela

Amanqanaba okuhamba okuphantsi (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-50% ye-BEP ehambayo) inokubangela iingxaki ezininzi ze-fluid eziguquguqukayo, kubandakanywa ingxolo kunye nokugubha kwi-cavitation, ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi, kunye nokungena emoyeni. Ezinye iimpompo zecala lokwahlulwahlulwa ziyakwazi ukuxhathisa ukungazinzi kokufunxa kwakhona kumazinga okuhamba aphantsi kakhulu (ngamanye amaxesha aphantsi njenge-35% yokuhamba kwe-BEP).

Kwezinye iimpompo, ukufunxa kwakhona kuyenzeka malunga ne-75% yokuhamba kwe-BEP. Ukuphinda kujikelezwe ngokufunxa kunokubangela umonakalo kunye nokugqobhoza, okuqhele ukwenzeka malunga nesiqingatha somgama weencakuba zempompo.

I-Outlet recirculation kukungazinzi kwe-hydrodynamic enokuthi yenzeke ekuhambeni okuphantsi. Oku kuphinda kujikelezwe kwakhona kunokubangelwa ukucoceka okungafanelekanga kwicala lokuphuma le-impeller okanye i-impeller shroud. Oku kunokukhokelela kwimingxuma kunye nomnye umonakalo.

Amaqamza omphunga kulwelo anokubangela ukungazinzi kunye nokungcangcazela. I-Cavitation idla ngokuyonakalisa i-port yokufunxa ye-impeller. Ingxolo kunye nokunyakaza okubangelwa yi-cavitation kunokulinganisa ezinye iintsilelo, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwendawo yokugoba kunye nomonakalo kwi-pump impeller ngokuqhelekileyo kutyhila ingcambu.

Ukungena kwerhasi kuqhelekile xa umpompa ulwelo kufutshane nendawo yokubila okanye xa imibhobho yokufunxa entsonkothileyo ibangela isiphithiphithi.