I-Cavitation iyingozi efihliweyo  impompo yeinjini ethe nkqo  ukusebenza, okubangela ukungcangcazela, ingxolo, kunye nokhukuliseko lwe-impeller olunokuthi lukhokelele kukusilela okuyintlekele. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo esiyingqayizivele (ubude be-shaft ukuya kumashumi eemitha) kunye nofakelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, uvavanyo lwentsebenzo ye-cavitation (ukuzimisela kwe-NPSHr) kwiimpompo ze-vertical turbine kubangela imingeni ebalulekileyo.

I. UVavanyo lwe-Loop evaliweyo: Ukuchaneka ngokuchasene neMithintelo yeNdawo

1.Imigaqo yoVavanyo kunye neeNkqubo

• Izixhobo ezingundoqo: Inkqubo ye-loop evaliweyo (impompo yokufunxa, itanki yokuzinzisa, i-flowmeter, i-pressure sensors) yokulawula uxinzelelo lwe-inlet oluchanekileyo.

• Inkqubo:

· Lungisa isantya sempompo kunye nesantya sokuhamba.

· Ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe uxinzelelo lwe-inlet de intloko yehla nge-3% (i-NPSHr definition point).

· Rekhoda uxinzelelo olumandla kwaye ubale i-NPSHr.

• Ukuchaneka kwedatha: ±2%, ihambelana nemigangatho ye-ISO 5199.

2. Imiceli mngeni yeeMpompu zeTurbine ezithe nkqo

• Unyino lweNdawo: Iirigi eziqhelekileyo ezivaliweyo zine-≤5 m ukuphakama okuthe nkqo, azihambelani neepompo ze-shaft ende (ubude obuqhelekileyo be-shaft: 10-30 m).

• I-Dynamic Behaviour Distortion: Ishafti ezimfutshane zitshintsha izantya ezibalulekileyo kunye neendlela zokungcangcazela, iziphumo zovavanyo zijije.

3. Izicelo zoShishino

• Iimeko zokuSebenza: Iimpompo ze-shaft ezinzulu ezinzulu (shaft ≤5 m), iprototype ye-R&D.

• Uphononongo: Umenzi wempompo unciphise i-NPSHr nge-22% emva kokuphucula uyilo lwe-impeller ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezingama-200 ezivaliweyo.

II. I-Open-Loop Test Rig: Ukulungelelanisa ukuguquguquka kunye nokuchaneka

1. Imigaqo yoVavanyo

• Vula inkqubo:Isebenzisa inqanaba lolwelo lwetanki umahluko okanye iimpompo zokufunxa kulawulo loxinzelelo lokungena (lulula kodwa lungachanekanga kancinane).

• Uphuculo olungundoqo:

· Ukuchaneka okuphezulu kokuchaneka kokuchaneka koxinzelelo oluphezulu (impazamo ≤0.1% FS).

· Iimitha ezijikelezayo zeLaser (±0.5% ukuchaneka) endaweni yemitha yeinjini yomoya eqhelekileyo.

2. Uhlengahlengiso lweMpompo ye-Turbine emi nkqo

• Ukulinganisa okunzulu: Yakha ishafti ezingaphantsi komhlaba (ubunzulu ≥ ubude beshafti yempompo) ukuphindaphinda iimeko zokuntywiliselwa.

• Ulungiso lwedatha:Imodeli yeCFD ibuyekeza ilahleko yoxinzelelo lokungena okubangelwa kukunganyangeki kwemibhobho.

III. Uvavanyo lweNdawo: Ukuqinisekiswa kwehlabathi lokwenyani

1. Imigaqo yoVavanyo

• Ulungelelwaniso lokuSebenza: Lungisa uxinzelelo lwe-inlet ngokusebenzisa ivalve throttling okanye utshintsho lwesantya seVFD ukuchonga iindawo zokuwisa intloko.

• Ifomula engundoqo:

NPSHr=NPSHr=ρgPin+2gvin2−ρgPv

(Ifuna iPin yokulinganisa i-inlet, i-vin yesantya, kunye nobushushu bolwelo.)

Procedure

Faka iinzwa zoxinzelelo ezichanekileyo kwi-inlet flange.

Ukuvala ngokuthe ngcembe iivalvu zokungena ngelixa urekhoda ukuhamba, intloko kunye noxinzelelo.

Intloko yeplati vs. ijika loxinzelelo lokungena ukuchonga indawo ye-NPSHr yokuguquguquka.

2.Imingeni kunye nezisombululo

• Imiba yoMphazamiso:

· Ukungcangcazela kombhobho → Faka izixhobo zokunyusela ezichasene nokungcangcazela.

· Ukungena kwegesi → Sebenzisa izijongi zesiqulatho serhasi.

• Uphuculo oluchanekileyo:

· Imilinganiselo emininzi ephakathi.

· Hlalutya i-vibration spectra (i-cavitation iqala ibangela i-1-4 kHz i-spikes yamandla).

IV. Uvavanyo lweModeli eScaled-Down: IiNgcebiso eziSebenzayo ngeendleko

1. Ukufana kweTheory Basis

•Imithetho yokukala: Gcina isantya esithile ns; ukulinganisa imilinganiselo ye-impeller njenge:

· QmQ=(DmD)3,HmH=(DmD)2

•Uyilo lweModeli:  1:2 ukuya ku-1:5 umlinganiselo wesikali; izinto eziphindaphindayo kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu.

2. Izinto eziluncedo zePump ye-Turbine

•Ukuhambelana kwendawo: Iimodeli ezimfutshane zeshaft zilungele iirigi zovavanyo eziqhelekileyo.

•Ugcino lweendleko: Iindleko zokuvavanya zincitshiswe ukuya kwi-10-20% yeeprototypes ezipheleleyo.

Imithombo yempazamo kunye nezilungiso

•Iziphumo zesikali:  Reynolds ukutenxa amanani → Sebenzisa imifuziselo yolungiso lwesiphithiphithi.

•Uburhabaxa boMphezulu:  Iimodeli zasePoland ukuya kwiRa≤0.8μm ukulungisa ilahleko yokungqubana.

V. Ukulinganisa kweDijithali: Inguquko yoVavanyo lweVirtual

1. CFD Modeling

•Inkqubo:

Yakha imifuziselo ye-3D egcweleyo.

Qwalasela ukuhamba kwe-multiphase (amanzi + umphunga) kunye neemodeli ze-cavitation (umzekelo, i-Schnerr-Sauer).

Ukuphindaphinda kude kube yi-3% yehla intloko; khupha i-NPSHr .

• Ukuqinisekiswa: Iziphumo zeCFD zibonisa ≤8% ukutenxa kwiimvavanyo zomzimba kwiimeko zezifundo.

2. Machine Learning Prediction

• Indlela eqhutywa yiDatha:  Ukuqeqesha iimodeli zokuhlehla kwidatha yembali; i-impeller parameters igalelo (D2, β2, njl.) ukuqikelela i-NPSHr.

• I-advanteji: Ukuphelisa uvavanyo lomzimba, ukusika imijikelezo yoyilo nge-70%.

Isiphelo: Ukusuka ku "Empirical Guesswork" ukuya ku "Quantifiable Precision"

Uvavanyo lwe-cavitation ye-turbine pump cavitation kufuneka inqobe ingcamango ephosakeleyo yokuba "izakhiwo ezizodwa zithintela uvavanyo oluchanekileyo." Ngokudibanisa i-rigs evaliweyo / evulekileyo, iimvavanyo zentsimi, iimodeli ezilinganisiweyo, kunye nokulinganisa idijithali, iinjineli ziyakwazi ukulinganisa i-NPSHr ukunyusa uyilo kunye nezicwangciso zokulondoloza. Njengoko uvavanyo lwe-hybrid kunye nezixhobo ze-AI ziqhubela phambili, ukufezekisa ukubonakala okupheleleyo kunye nokulawula ukusebenza kwe-cavitation kuya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.