Cavitation inotyisa yakavanzika kune  vertical turbine pombi  oparesheni, kukonzera kuzunguzika, ruzha, uye impeller kukukurwa izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kukundika kukuru. Nekudaro, nekuda kwechimiro chavo chakasiyana (shaft kureba kusvika kumakumi emamita) uye kuisirwa kwakaoma, cavitation performance test (NPSHr determination) yemapombi e vertical turbine inounza matambudziko makuru.

I. Yakavharwa-Loop Test Rig: Precision vs. Spatial Constraints

1.Kuedza Mitemo uye Maitiro

• Core Equipment: Yakavharwa-loop sisitimu (vacuum pombi, stabilizer tank, flowmeter, pressure sensors) yekunyatsopinza inlet pressure control.

• Maitiro:

· Gadzirisa kumhanya kwepombi uye mwero wekuyerera.

· Zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza inlet pressure kusvikira musoro wadonha ne3% (NPSHr tsanangudzo poindi).

· Rekodha yakaoma kumanikidza uye kuverenga NPSHr.

• Kurongeka kweData: ± 2%, inowirirana neISO 5199 zviyero.

2. Zvinetso zveVertical Turbine Pumps

• Nzvimbo Inogumira: Zvigadzirwa zvakavharwa zvakavharwa zvine ≤5 m vertical urefu, zvisingaenderani nemapombi akareba-shaft (yakajairika shaft kureba: 10-30 m).

• Dynamic Behavior Distortion: Kupfupisa shafts kunoshandura kukurumidza kukuru uye maitiro ekudengenyeka, skewing test results.

3. Indasitiri Applications

• Shandisa Nyaya: Short-shaft yakadzika-tsime pombi (shaft ≤5 m), prototype R & D.

• Nyaya Yechidzidzo: Mugadziri wepombi akadzikisa NPSHr ne22% mushure mekugadzirisa dhizaini yeimpeller kuburikidza ne200 yakavharwa-loop bvunzo.

II. Open-Loop Test Rig: Kuenzanisa Kuchinja uye Kururama

1. Testing Principles

• Vhura Sisitimu:Inoshandisa tangi yemvura misiyano yemazinga kana vacuum pombi ye inlet pressure control (yakareruka asi isina kunyatsojeka).

• Makiyi Kuvandudza:

· Yakanyanya-chaiyo yekusiyanisa kudzvanywa ma transmitters (kukanganisa ≤0.1% FS).

· Laser flowmeters (± 0.5% kunyatsoita) kutsiva echinyakare turbine metres.

2. Vertical Turbine Pump Adaptations

• Deep-Well Simulation: Gadzira pasi pevhu (yakadzika ≥ pombi shaft kureba) kudzokorora mamiriro ekunyudza.

• Kugadziriswa kweData:CFD modelling inotsividza kurasikirwa kwekumanikidzwa kwekupinda kunokonzerwa nekuramba kwepombi.

III. Munda Kuedza: Chaiyo-Nyika Kusimbiswa

1. Testing Principles

• Operational Adjustments: Modulate inlet pressure via valve throttling kana VFD speed change kuti uone madonhwe emusoro.

• Formula yakakosha:

NPSHr=NPSHr=ρgPin+2gvin2−ρgPv

(Inoda kuyera inlet pressure Pin, velocity vin, uye tembiricha yemvura.)

nzira

Isa yakakwirira-chaiyo yekumanikidza ma sensors pane inlet flange.

Zvishoma nezvishoma vhara mavharuvhu ekupinza uchirekodha kuyerera, musoro, uye kumanikidza.

Plot musoro vs. inlet pressure curve kuona NPSHr inflection point.

2.Matambudziko uye Solutions

• Zvinokanganisa:

· Pipe vibration → Isa anti-vibration mounts.

· Gasi kupinza → Shandisa inline gasi zvemukati mamonitor.

• Kuwedzeredza Kwechokwadi:

· Avhareji yezviyero zvakawanda.

Ongorora vibration spectra (cavitation inotanga inokonzera 1-4 kHz simba spikes).

IV. Scaled-Down Model Testing: Mutengo-Unobudirira Insights

1. Kufanana Theory Basis

•Mitemo yekuyera: Chengetedza kumhanya chaiko ns; kuyera impeller zviyero se:

QmQ=(DmD)3,HmH=(DmD)2

•Modhesi Dhizaini:  1:2 kusvika 1:5 chiyero chechiyero; replicate zvinhu uye pamusoro roughness.

2. Vertical Turbine Pump Advantages

•Kuenderana Kwenzvimbo: Short-shaft modhi inokodzera standard test rigs.

•Kuchengeta Mari: Mari yekuyedza yakaderedzwa kusvika 10-20% yemaprototypes akazara.

Kwakabva Kukanganisa uye Kugadzirisa

•Scale Effects:  Reynolds nhamba yakatsauka → Shandisa mamodhi ekugadzirisa mhirizhonga.

•Kushata Kwepamusoro:  Mamodheru echiPolish kusvika kuRa≤0.8μm kugadzirisa kurasikirwa kwekupokana.

V. Digital Simulation: Virtual Testing Revolution

1. CFD Modelling

•Maitiro:

Vakai yakazara-kuyerera-nzira 3D modhi.

Gadzira multiphase kuyerera (mvura + mhute) uye cavitation modhi (semuenzaniso, Schnerr-Sauer).

Iterate kusvika 3% musoro unodonha; bvisa NPSHr .

• Kusimbiswa: CFD mhedzisiro inoratidza ≤8% kutsauka kubva pamiyedzo yemuviri muzvidzidzo zvezviitiko.

2. Machine Kudzidza Kufanotaura

• Data-Driven Approach:  Dzidzisa maitiro ekudzoreredza pane nhoroondo data; kuisa impeller parameters (D2, β2, nezvimwewo) kufanotaura NPSHr.

• Advantage: Inobvisa kuyedzwa kwemuviri, kucheka dhizaini kutenderera ne70%.

Mhedziso: Kubva ku "Empirical Guesswork" kuenda ku "Quantifiable Precision"

Vertical turbine pombi cavitation yekuyedza inofanira kukunda pfungwa isiriyo yekuti "zvimiro zvakasiyana zvinodzivirira kuyedzwa chaiko." Nekubatanidza akavharika/akavhurika-loop rigs, bvunzo dzemumunda, mamodheru akaremerwa, uye dhijitari simulations, mainjiniya anogona kuenzanisa NPSHr kukwirisa madhizaini nekugadzirisa maitiro. Sezvo bvunzo dzehybrid uye maturusi eAI achifambira mberi, kuwana kuoneka kuzere uye kutonga pamusoro pekuita kwecavitation kunove kwakajairika tsika.