Cavitation ke tšokelo e patiloeng ho  pompo ea turbine e otlolohileng  ts'ebetso, e bakang ho thothomela, lerata le khoholeho ea mobu e ka lebisang ho hloleheng ho hoholo. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la sebopeho sa bona se ikhethang (bolelele ba shaft ho fihlela ho limithara tse mashome) le ho kenngoa ho rarahaneng, tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea cavitation (NPSHr determination) bakeng sa lipompo tsa turbine tse otlolohileng li baka mathata a bohlokoa.

I. Koala-Loop Test Rig: Precision vs. Spatial Constraints

1.Melao-Motheo le Mekhoa ea Teko

• Thepa ea mantlha: Sistimi e koetsoeng ea loop (pompo ea vacuum, tanka ea stabilizer, flowmeter, lisensara tsa khatello) bakeng sa taolo e nepahetseng ea khatello e kenang.

• Tsamaiso:

· Lokisa lebelo la pompo le sekhahla sa phallo.

· Butle-butle fokotsa khatello ea ho kena ho fihlela hlooho e theoha ka 3% (NPSHr tlhaloso ntlha).

* Rekota khatello e matla 'me u bale NPSHr.

• Ho Nepaha ha Lintlha: ± 2%, ho lumellana le litekanyetso tsa ISO 5199.

2. Mathata bakeng sa Lipompo tsa Turbine tse Temang

• Meeli ea Sebaka: Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse koaletsoeng li na le ≤5 m bophahamo bo otlolohileng, tse sa lumellaneng le lipompo tsa shaft e telele (bolelele bo tloaelehileng ba shaft: 10-30 m).

• Phetoho e Matla ea Boitšoaro: Li-shafts tse khutsufatsang li fetola lebelo la bohlokoa le mekhoa ea ho sisinyeha, ho qhekella liphetho tsa liteko.

3. Likopo tsa Indasteri

• Sebelisa Maemo: Lipompo tsa seliba tse tebileng tsa shaft (shaft ≤5 m), mohlala oa R&D.

• Thuto-pale: Moetsi oa pompo o fokolitse NPSHr ka 22% ka mor'a ho ntlafatsa moralo oa impeller ka liteko tse 200 tse koetsoeng.

II. Open-Loop Test Rig: Ho leka-lekanya ho Fetoha le ho Nepaha

1. Melao-motheo ea Teko

• Bula Sistimi:E sebelisa liphapang tsa boemo ba mokelikeli oa tanka kapa lipompo tsa vacuum bakeng sa taolo ea khatello e kenang (e bonolo empa e sa nepahala).

• Lintlafatso tsa Bohlokoa:

· Li-transmitter tsa khatello tse fapaneng tse fapaneng tse nepahetseng (phoso ≤0.1% FS).

· Laser flowmeters (± 0.5% ho nepahala) ho nka sebaka sa limithara tsa turbine tsa setso.

2. Liphetoho tsa Pompo ea Turbine e Tebileng

• Papiso e tebileng-Hantle: Haha li-shafts tse ka tlas'a lefatše (botebo ≥ bolelele ba pompo ea pompo) ho pheta maemo a ho qoelisoa.

• Tokiso ea Lintlha:CFD modelling e lefella tahlehelo ea khatello e kenang e bakoang ke ho hanyetsa lipeipi.

III. Teko ea Tšimo: Tiisetso ea 'Nete ea Lefatše

1. Melao-motheo ea Teko

• Liphetoho tsa Ts'ebetso: Fetola khatello ea ho kena ka sekhahla ka ho otla ha valve kapa ho fetola lebelo la VFD ho khetholla lintlha tse theohang hloohong.

• Mokhoa oa Bohlokoa:

NPSHr=NPSHr=ρgPin+2gvin2−ρgPv

(E hloka ho lekanya Pin ea khatello ea inlet, velocity vin, le mocheso oa mokelikeli.)

Tsamaiso

Kenya li-sensor tsa khatello e phahameng ka ho fetesisa sebakeng sa inlet flange.

Butle-butle koala li-valve tse kenang ha u ntse u rekota phallo, hlooho le khatello.

Plot head vs. inlet pressure curve ho khetholla NPSHr inflection point.

2.Mathata le Litharollo

• Mabaka a Tšitiso:

· Ho thothomela ha lipeipi → Kenya lintho tse thibelang ho thothomela.

· Koetliso ea khase → Sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa khase tse ka har'a marang-rang.

• Lintlafatso tsa ho nepahala:

· Karolelano ea litekanyo tse ngata.

· Hlahloba ponahalo ea vibration (ho qala ha cavitation ho baka 1-4 kHz spikes ea matla).

IV. Teko ea Moetso oa Scaled-Down: Maikutlo a Thekoang Litšenyehelo

1. Tšoanang Theory Motheo

•Melao ea ho phahamisa: Boloka lebelo le khethehileng ns; boholo ba impeller joalo ka:

· QmQ=(DmD)3,HmH=(DmD)2

•Moetso oa Moetso:  1: 2 ho 1: 5 tekanyo ea tekanyo; repisa disebediswa le bokahodimo bo thata.

2. Melemo ea Pompo ea Turbine e Tebileng

•Ho lumellana ha Sebaka: Mefuta e khuts'oane ea shaft e lumellana le lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tsa tlhahlobo.

•Ho Boloka Litšenyehelo: Litšenyehelo tsa tlhahlobo li fokotsehile ho 10-20% ea li-prototype tse felletseng.

Mehloli ea Phoso le Litokiso

•Scale Effects:  Liphapang tsa linomoro tsa Reynolds → Sebelisa mefuta ea tokiso ea moferefere.

•Bokhopo ba Lefatše:  Mefuta ea Poland ho ea ho Ra≤0.8μm ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea likhohlano.

V. Digital Simulation: Virtual Testing Revolution

1. Mohlala oa CFD

•Ts'ebetso:

Theha mefuta ea 3D e nang le phallo e felletseng.

Lokisa phallo ea multiphase (metsi + mouoane) le mefuta ea cavitation (mohlala, Schnerr-Sauer).

Pheta ho fihlela ho theoha ha hlooho ea 3%; ntša NPSHr.

• Netefatso: Liphetho tsa CFD li bonts'a ≤8% ho kheloha litekong tsa 'mele lithutong tsa maemo.

2. Boprofeta ba ho Ithuta ka Mochini

• Mokhoa o tsamaisoang ke Boitsebiso:  Koetlisa mekhoa ea ho khutlela morao ho data ea histori; li-parameter tsa impeller (D2, β2, joalo-joalo) ho bolela esale pele NPSHr.

• Molemo: E felisa liteko tsa 'mele, ho seha lipotoloho tsa moralo ka 70%.

Qetello: Ho tloha ho "Empirical Guesswork" ho isa "Quantifiable Precision"

Vertical turbine pump cavitation test e tlameha ho hlola maikutlo a fosahetseng a hore "mehaho e ikhethang e thibela tlhahlobo e nepahetseng." Ka ho kopanya li-rigs tse koetsoeng / tse bulehileng, liteko tsa masimong, mehlala e lekantsoeng, le lipapiso tsa dijithale, baenjiniere ba ka lekanya NPSHr ho ntlafatsa meralo le maano a tlhokomelo. Ha liteko tsa lebasetere le lisebelisoa tsa AI li ntse li tsoela pele, ho fihlela ponahalo e felletseng le taolo holim'a ts'ebetso ea cavitation e tla fetoha tloaelo e tloaelehileng.