Shaft yozungulira (kapena rotor) imapanga kugwedezeka komwe kumatumizidwa kunkhani yogawampope kenako ku zida zozungulira, mapaipi ndi zida. Kugwedera matalikidwe nthawi zambiri zimasiyanasiyana ndi rotor/shaft rotational liwiro. Pa liwiro lovuta kwambiri, kugwedezeka kwa matalikidwe kumakhala kokulirapo ndipo shaft imagwedezeka ndikumveka. Kusalinganizika ndi kusalinganika bwino ndizomwe zimayambitsa kugwedezeka kwa pampu. Komabe, palinso magwero ndi mitundu ina ya kugwedera yokhudzana ndi mapampu.

Kugwedezeka, makamaka chifukwa cha kusalinganika ndi kusalinganika bwino, wakhala akukhudzidwa nthawi zonse ndi ntchito, ntchito, kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha mapampu ambiri. Mfungulo ndi njira yokhazikika yogwedezeka, kusanja, kuyanjanitsa ndi kuyang'anira (kuwunika kwa vibration). Kafukufuku wambiri pankhani yogawakugwedezeka kwa pampu, kusanja, kuyanjanitsa ndi kuwunika momwe kugwedezeka kulili kongoyerekeza.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pazochitika zogwiritsira ntchito ntchito komanso njira ndi malamulo osavuta (kwa ogwira ntchito, opanga mafakitale ndi akatswiri). Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kugwedezeka kwa mapampu ndi zovuta komanso zobisika zamavuto omwe mungakumane nawo.

Vibrations mu Pnyambo

Gawani nkhani pumpsamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amakono ndi malo. Kwa zaka zambiri, pakhala pali chizolowezi chopita kumapampu othamanga, amphamvu kwambiri okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kutsika kogwedezeka. Komabe, kuti mukwaniritse zolinga zovutazi, ndikofunikira kutchula bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza mapampu. Izi zimatanthawuza kupanga bwino, kutsanzira, kuyerekezera, kusanthula, kupanga ndi kukonza.

Kugwedezeka kwakukulu kumatha kukhala vuto lomwe likukula kapena chizindikiro cha kulephera. Kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumakhudzana ndi phokoso / phokoso zimawonedwa ngati gwero la zovuta zogwirira ntchito, zovuta zodalirika, kuwonongeka, kusapeza bwino komanso nkhawa zachitetezo.

Vibrating Pzojambula

Makhalidwe oyambira kugwedezeka kwa rotor nthawi zambiri amakambidwa potengera njira zachikhalidwe komanso zosavuta. Mwanjira iyi, kugwedezeka kwa rotor kumatha kugawidwa m'magawo awiri mwamalingaliro: kugwedezeka kwaulere ndi kugwedezeka kokakamiza.

Kugwedezeka kuli ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu, zabwino ndi zoipa. Mu gawo lakutsogolo, rotor imayenda mozungulira njira ya helical mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira mozungulira. Mosiyana ndi izi, kugwedezeka koyipa, pakati pa rotor imazungulira kuzungulira kozungulira kolowera mbali ina yozungulira shaft. Ngati mpopeyo wamangidwa ndikuyendetsedwa bwino, kugwedezeka kwaulere kumawola mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwedezeka kokakamiza kukhala vuto lalikulu.

Pali zovuta ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana pakusanthula kugwedezeka, kuyang'anira kugwedezeka ndi kumvetsetsa kwake. Kawirikawiri, pamene kugwedezeka kumawonjezeka, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuwerengera / kusanthula mgwirizano pakati pa kugwedezeka ndi kuyesa / kuwerengera kwenikweni chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ovuta.

Pampu Yeniyeni ndi Resonance

Pamapampu amitundu yambiri, monga omwe ali ndi liwiro losinthasintha, sikutheka kupanga ndi kupanga mpope wokhala ndi malire omveka bwino pakati pa kugwedezeka kwapang'onopang'ono (zosangalatsa) ndi mitundu yonse yachilengedwe yogwedezeka..

Ma resonant nthawi zambiri amakhala osapeweka, monga ma variable speed motor drive (VSD) kapena ma variable speed steam turbines, turbines gasi ndi injini. M'malo mwake, pampu iyenera kukulitsidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa resonance. Zinthu zina za resonance sizowopsa chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kunyowa kwakukulu komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi mitundu.

Nthawi zina, njira zoyenera zochepetsera ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Njira imodzi yochepetsera ndikuchepetsa kutukusira komwe kumachitika pamachitidwe onjenjemera. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu zachisangalalo chifukwa cha kusalinganika ndi kusiyana kwa kulemera kwa zigawo zingathe kuchepetsedwa mwa kugwirizanitsa bwino. Mphamvu zachisangalalozi zimatha kuchepetsedwa ndi 70% mpaka 80% kuchokera pamiyezo yoyambirira / yabwinobwino.

Kuti mukhale ndi chisangalalo chenicheni mu mpope (resonance yeniyeni), mayendedwe a chisangalalo ayenera kufanana ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe kuti mawonekedwe achilengedwe azitha kukondwera ndi katundu wokondweretsa (kapena zochita). Nthawi zambiri, ngati chiwongolero chitsogozo sichikugwirizana ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe, pali kuthekera kwakukhala limodzi ndi resonance. Mwachitsanzo, ma excitations opindika nthawi zambiri sangasangalale ndi ma frequency achilengedwe a torsion. Nthawi zina, ma torsional transverse resonance amatha kukhalapo. Kuthekera kwa zochitika zapadera kapena zachilendo zotere ziyenera kuyesedwa moyenera.

Choyipa kwambiri cha resonance ndi kuphatikizika kwa mawonekedwe achilengedwe komanso osangalatsa pama frequency omwewo. Pazifukwa zina, kutsata kwina ndikokwanira kuti chisangalalo chisangalatse mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe.

Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta zolumikizirana zitha kukhalapo pomwe chisangalalo chapadera chingasangalatse njira zosayembekezereka kudzera m'machitidwe onjenjemera. Poyerekeza mitundu yosangalatsa ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe, malingaliro amatha kupangidwa ngati kusangalatsa kwa ma frequency ena kapena ma harmonic kuli kowopsa / kowopsa kwa mpope. Zochitika zenizeni, kuyezetsa kolondola, ndikuyendetsa ma cheke ndi njira zowunikira chiwopsezo pamilandu yamalingaliro a resonance.

Kusalongosola

Kusalongosoka ndiye gwero lalikulu lankhani yogawakugwedeza kwapampu. Kuwongolera pang'ono kwa ma shafts ndi ma couplings nthawi zambiri kumakhala vuto lalikulu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zochepetsera zazing'ono za mzere wapakati wa rotor (radial offset) ndi kulumikizana ndi ma angular offsets, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha ma flanges osagwirizana ndi perpendicular mating. Kotero nthawi zonse padzakhala kugwedezeka kwina chifukwa cha kusalongosoka.

Mahalo ophatikizana akamangiriridwa palimodzi mokakamiza, kuzungulira kwa shaft kumatulutsa mphamvu zozungulira chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwa ma radial komanso mphindi zopindika mozungulira chifukwa cha kusalinganika bwino. Pakuwongolera molakwika, mphamvu yozungulira iyi imachitika kawiri pa shaft/rotor revolution ndipo mawonekedwe a vibration excitation velocity ndi kawiri liwiro la shaft.

Kwa mapampu ambiri, kuthamanga kwa ntchito ndi / kapena ma harmonics ake amasokoneza liwiro lovuta (mafupipafupi achilengedwe). Choncho, cholinga ndi kupewa resonances oopsa, mavuto ndi malfunctions. Kuwunika kwachiwopsezo komwe kumalumikizidwa kumatengera kuyerekezera koyenera komanso zochitika zogwirira ntchito.