Mutu, kuyenda ndi mphamvu ndizofunikira kuti muwone momwe mpope umagwirira ntchito:

1. Mtengo woyenda

Kuthamanga kwa mpope kumatchedwanso kuchuluka kwa madzi operekera madzi.

Zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa madzi operekedwa ndi mpope pa nthawi ya unit. Kuyimiridwa ndi chizindikiro Q, unit yake ndi lita / yachiwiri, kiyubiki mita/sekondi, kiyubiki mita/ola.

2.Mutu

Mutu wa mpope umatanthawuza kutalika komwe pampu imatha kupopera madzi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayimiridwa ndi chizindikiro H, ndipo gawo lake ndi mita.

Mutu wa pampu yoyamwa kawiri zimachokera pakatikati pa choyikapo ndipo chimakhala ndi magawo awiri. Kutalika kosunthika kuchokera pakatikati pa pompopompo kupita kumadzi pamwamba pa gwero lamadzi, ndiko kuti, kutalika komwe pampu imatha kuyamwa madzi, kumatchedwa kukweza kokweza, komwe kumatchedwa kukweza; kutalika koyima kuchokera pakatikati pa chopopera chopopera kupita kumadzi pamwamba pa dziwe lotulutsira, ndiko kuti, mpope wamadzi ukhoza kukankhira madzi mmwamba Kutalika kumatchedwa mutu wamadzi wopanikizika, womwe umatchedwa kuti stroke. Ndiko kuti, mutu wa mpope wamadzi = mutu woyamwa madzi + mutu wa kuthamanga kwa madzi. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mutu wolembedwa pa nameplate umatanthawuza mutu umene mpope wamadzi ukhoza kupanga, ndipo suphatikizapo mutu wotayika chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa madzi a payipi. Posankha mpope wamadzi, samalani kuti musanyalanyaze. Apo ayi, madzi sangapopedwe.

3.Mphamvu

Kuchuluka kwa ntchito yopangidwa ndi makina pa nthawi ya unit imatchedwa mphamvu.

Kawirikawiri imayimiridwa ndi chizindikiro cha N. Magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi: kilogalamu m / s, kilowatt, mahatchi. Kawirikawiri gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi lamagetsi limawonetsedwa mu kilowatts; gawo lamphamvu la injini ya dizilo kapena injini yamafuta limawonetsedwa mu mphamvu yamahatchi. Mphamvu yotumizidwa ndi makina amagetsi kupita ku shaft shaft imatchedwa shaft mphamvu, yomwe imatha kumveka ngati mphamvu yolowera pampu. Nthawi zambiri, mphamvu ya mpope imatanthawuza mphamvu ya shaft. Chifukwa cha kukana kwamphamvu kwa kubereka ndi kunyamula; kukangana kwapakati pa choyikapo nyali ndi madzi akamazungulira; vortex ya madzi akuyenda mu mpope, gap backflow, polowera ndi kutulukira, ndi mphamvu ya pakamwa, etc. Iyenera kuwononga mbali ya mphamvu, kotero mpope sangathe kusintha kwathunthu mphamvu athandizira a makina mphamvu. mphamvu yogwira ntchito, ndipo payenera kukhala kutayika kwa mphamvu, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya mpope ndi kutaya mphamvu mu mpope ndi mphamvu ya shaft ya mpope.

Mutu wapampu, njira yowerengera mafunde:

Kodi mutu wa mpope H=32 umatanthauza chiyani?

Mutu H = 32 zikutanthauza kuti makinawa amatha kukweza madzi mpaka mamita 32

Kuyenda = malo odutsana * liwiro lothamanga Kuthamanga kwamayendedwe kumafunika kuyezedwa nokha: stopwatch

Chiyerekezo chokweza pampu:

Mutu wa mpope alibe chochita ndi mphamvu, izo zimagwirizana ndi m'mimba mwake wa impeller wa mpope ndi chiwerengero cha magawo impeller. Pampu yokhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ikhoza kukhala ndi mutu wa mamita mazana, koma kuthamanga kwake kungakhale mamita ochepa chabe, kapena mutu ukhoza kukhala mamita ochepa chabe, koma kuthamanga kwake kungakhale mpaka mamita 100. Mazana a mayendedwe. Lamulo lalikulu ndiloti pansi pa mphamvu yomweyo, kuthamanga kwa mutu wapamwamba kumakhala kochepa, ndipo kutsika kwa mutu wochepa kumakhala kwakukulu. Palibe ndondomeko yowerengera kuti mudziwe mutu, ndipo zimatengera momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito komanso chitsanzo cha mpope kuchokera ku fakitale. Itha kuwerengedwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwapampu. Ngati potulutsa mpope ndi 1MPa (10kg/cm2), mutu uli pafupi mamita 100, koma mphamvu ya kuyamwa kuyenera kuganiziridwanso. Kwa mpope wapakati, ili ndi mitu itatu: mutu weniweni woyamwa, mutu weniweni wa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi mutu weniweni. Ngati sizinatchulidwe, amakhulupirira kuti mutu umatanthawuza kusiyana kwa kutalika pakati pa madzi awiriwa.

Zomwe tikukamba apa ndizomwe zimatsutsana ndi makina otsekedwa a air conditioning ozizira, chifukwa dongosololi ndilogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Chitsanzo: Kuyerekeza mutu wa mpope woyamwa pawiri

Malinga ndi zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, kutayika kwa madzi oziziritsa mpweya m'nyumba yokwera kwambiri pafupifupi 100m kutalika kumatha kuyerekezedwa, ndiko kuti, kukweza komwe kumafunikira pampu yamadzi yozungulira:

1. Chiller resistance: tengani 80 kPa (8m madzi column);

2. Kukana kwa mapaipi: Tengani kukana kwa chipangizo chochotsera madzi, chosonkhanitsa madzi, cholekanitsa madzi ndi payipi mu chipinda cha firiji monga 50 kPa; Tengani kutalika kwa payipi kumbali yotumizira ndi kugawa ngati 300m ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa 200 Pa/m, ndiye Kukaniza kwa mikangano ndi 300 * 200 = 60000 Pa = 60 kPa; ngati kukana kwanuko panjira yotumizira ndi kugawa ndi 50% ya kukana kukangana, kukana kwanuko ndi 60 kPa * 0.5 = 30 kPa; kukana kwathunthu kwa payipi ya dongosolo ndi 50 kPa+ 60 kPa+30 kPa = 140 kPa (14m madzi mzati);

3. Kukaniza kwa chipangizo chowongolera mpweya: kukana kwa mpweya wophatikiza mpweya nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokulirapo kusiyana ndi chigawo cha fani ya coil, kotero kukana kwakale ndi 45 kPa (4.5 madzi mzati); 4. Kukaniza kwa valve yoyendetsera njira ziwiri: 40 kPa (mzere wa madzi 0.4) .

5. Choncho, chiwerengero cha kukana kwa gawo lililonse la madzi ndi: 80 kPa + 140kPa + 45 kPa + 40 kPa = 305 kPa (30.5m madzi column)

6. Mutu wapampu woyamwa kawiri: Kutenga chitetezo cha 10%, mutu H = 30.5m * 1.1 = 33.55m.

Malinga ndi zotsatira zomwe zili pamwambazi, kutayika kwa mphamvu ya madzi a air-conditioner a nyumba zofanana ndizomwe zingatheke. Makamaka, ziyenera kupewedwa kuti kutayika kwa mphamvu kwa dongosololi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri chifukwa cha kuyerekezera kosawerengeka komanso kosamalitsa, ndipo mutu wa mpope wamadzi umasankhidwa waukulu kwambiri. Zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa mphamvu.