Mapangidwe olakwika a mapaipi / makonzedwe angayambitse mavuto monga kusakhazikika kwa hydraulic ndi cavitation mu dongosolo la mpope. Pofuna kupewa cavitation, chidwi chiyenera kuikidwa pa mapangidwe a suction piping ndi suction system. Cavitation, recirculation mkati ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya kungayambitse phokoso lalikulu ndi kugwedezeka, zomwe zingawononge zisindikizo ndi mayendedwe.

Pump Circulation Line

Pamene a chopingasa split case mpope iyenera kugwira ntchito pazigawo zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, mzere wozungulira ungafunike kubwezera gawo lamadzimadzi opopera kumbali yakupopa. Izi zimathandiza kuti pampu ipitirize kugwira ntchito bwino komanso modalirika pa BEP. Kubwezera gawo lamadzimadzi kumawononga mphamvu zina, koma pamapampu ang'onoang'ono, mphamvu yowonongeka ikhoza kukhala yosafunika.

Madzi ozungulira amayenera kutumizidwa ku gwero loyamwa, osati pamzere woyamwa kapena chitoliro cholowetsa pompo. Ngati ibwezeredwa pamzere woyamwa, imayambitsa chipwirikiti pakuyamwa pampu, kubweretsa mavuto ogwirira ntchito kapena kuwonongeka. Madzi obwezedwawo amayenera kubwereranso kumbali ina ya gwero loyamwa, osati kumalo okokera pampopi. Nthawi zambiri, makonzedwe oyenera a baffle kapena mapangidwe ena ofanana amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti madzi obwererawo sayambitsa chipwirikiti pagwero loyamwa.

Parallel Operation

Pamene lalikulu limodzi chopingasa split case mpope sizotheka kapena pamapulogalamu ena othamanga kwambiri, mapampu ang'onoang'ono angapo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kuti azigwira ntchito limodzi. Mwachitsanzo, ena opanga mpope sangathe kupereka mpope waukulu wokwanira phukusi lalikulu la mpope. Ntchito zina zimafuna maulendo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito pomwe pampu imodzi sichitha kugwira ntchito mwachuma. Pazinthu zovoteledwazi, kupalasa njinga kapena ma pampu ogwiritsira ntchito kutali ndi BEP yawo kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu ziwonongeke komanso kudalirika.

Mapampu akagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, pampu iliyonse imatulutsa madzi ochepa kuposa momwe ikanakhalira ikugwira ntchito yokha. Pamene mapampu awiri ofanana akugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana, kutuluka kwathunthu kumakhala kochepa kuposa kawiri papopo iliyonse. Ntchito yofananira nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yankho lomaliza ngakhale pali zofunikira zapadera. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri, mapampu awiri omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi abwino kuposa mapampu atatu kapena kuposerapo omwe amagwira ntchito mofanana, ngati n'kotheka.

Kugwira ntchito limodzi kwa mapampu kungakhale koopsa komanso kosakhazikika. Mapampu omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi amafunikira kusanjidwa bwino, kugwira ntchito, ndi kuyang'anira. Ma curve (machitidwe) a pampu iliyonse ayenera kukhala ofanana - mkati mwa 2 mpaka 3%. Mapampu ophatikizika ophatikizika amayenera kukhala athyathyathya (pamapampu omwe akuyenda molumikizana, API 610 imafuna kukweza mutu kwa osachepera 10% yamutu pamayendedwe olowera kumalo akufa).

Kugawanika Kwambiri Pampu ya Case Kuomba

Mapangidwe olakwika a mapaipi amatha kubweretsa kugwedezeka kwapampu kwambiri, zovuta zonyamula, zovuta zosindikizira, kulephera msanga kwa zida zapampu, kapena kulephera koopsa.

Mipope yoyamwitsa ndiyofunikira kwambiri chifukwa madziwo amayenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera yogwirira ntchito, monga kuthamanga ndi kutentha, akafika pabowo loyamwa la mpope. Kuyenda kosalala, yunifolomu kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha cavitation ndikulola kuti pampu igwire ntchito modalirika.

Chitoliro ndi ma diameter a tchanelo amakhudza kwambiri mutu. Monga kuyerekezera kovutirapo, kutayika kwamphamvu chifukwa cha kukangana ndi kofanana ndi mphamvu yachisanu ya m'mimba mwake ya chitoliro.

Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kwa 10% m'mimba mwake ya chitoliro kungachepetse kutaya mutu ndi pafupifupi 40%. Mofananamo, kuwonjezeka kwa 20% mumimba mwake kungathe kuchepetsa kutaya mutu ndi 60%.

Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kutayika kwa mutu wa kukangana kudzakhala kochepa kuposa 40% ya kutaya mutu kwa awiri oyambirira. Kufunika kwa mutu wa net positive suction head (NPSH) pakupopera ntchito kumapangitsa kapangidwe ka mapaipi a pampu kukhala chinthu chofunikira.

Mipope yoyamwitsa iyenera kukhala yosavuta komanso yowongoka momwe ndingathere, ndipo kutalika kwake kuchepe. Mapampu apakati amayenera kukhala ndi utali wowongoka wa 6 mpaka 11 kuchuluka kwa mapaipi oyamwa kuti apewe chipwirikiti.

Zosefera zoyamwa kwakanthawi zimafunikira, koma zosefera zoyamwa zokhazikika sizimalimbikitsidwa.

Kuchepetsa NPSHR

M'malo mowonjezera NPSH (NPSHA), akatswiri opanga mapaipi ndi ma process nthawi zina amayesa kuchepetsa NPSH (NPSHR) yofunikira. Popeza NPSHR ndi ntchito yopangira mpope ndi liwiro la mpope, kuchepetsa NPSHR ndi njira yovuta komanso yotsika mtengo yokhala ndi zosankha zochepa.

Pampu yotulutsa impeller ndi kukula kwake kwa pampu yopingasa yopingasa ndizofunikira pakupanga ndi kusankha. Mapampu okhala ndi zotuluka zokulirapo zotulutsa zotulutsa zimatha kupereka NPSHR yotsika.

Komabe, mikwingwirima yokulirapo ingayambitse zovuta zina zogwira ntchito komanso zamadzimadzi, monga kubwerezabwereza. Mapampu okhala ndi liwiro lotsika amakhala ndi NPSH yotsika yofunikira; mapampu othamanga kwambiri amakhala ndi NPSH yofunikira kwambiri.

Mapampu okhala ndi zida zazikulu zoyamwitsa zopangidwa mwapadera zitha kuyambitsa zovuta zobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchita bwino komanso kudalirika. Mapampu ena otsika a NPSHR adapangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito mothamanga kwambiri kotero kuti kugwira ntchito bwino sikuli kopanda ndalama pakugwiritsa ntchito. Mapampu otsika awa amakhalanso ndi kudalirika kochepa.

Mapampu akuluakulu othamanga kwambiri amakhala ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito monga pampu ndi malo osungira chombo / matanki, zomwe zimalepheretsa wogwiritsa ntchito kumapeto kuti apeze mpope ndi NPSHR yomwe imakwaniritsa zopinga.

M'mapulojekiti ambiri okonzanso / kukonzanso, mawonekedwe a malo sangasinthidwe, koma pampu yaikulu yothamanga kwambiri ikufunikabe pamalopo. Pankhaniyi, pampu yowonjezera iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pampu yolimbikitsa ndi pampu yothamanga kwambiri yokhala ndi NPSHR yotsika. Pampu yachilimbikitso iyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwakuyenda kofanana ndi pampu yayikulu. Pampu yolimbikitsa nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamwamba pa mpope waukulu.

Kuzindikira Chifukwa Chakugwedezeka

Mayendedwe otsika (kawirikawiri osachepera 50% a BEP otaya) angayambitse mavuto angapo amadzimadzi, kuphatikizapo phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kuchokera ku cavitation, kubwezeretsanso mkati, ndi kulowetsa mpweya. Mapampu ena ogawanika amatha kukana kusakhazikika kwa kuyamwanso pamayendedwe otsika kwambiri (nthawi zina otsika mpaka 35% yakuyenda kwa BEP).

Kwa mapampu ena, kuyamwanso kutha kuchitika pafupifupi 75% yakuyenda kwa BEP. Suction recirculation imatha kuwononga zina ndi kubowola, nthawi zambiri kumachitika pafupifupi theka la mapampu.

Kutulutsanso kwa Outlet ndi kusakhazikika kwa hydrodynamic komwe kumatha kuchitikanso pakuyenda kochepa. Kubwezeretsa uku kungayambitsidwe ndi zololeza zosayenera kumbali yakutuluka kwa chiwongolero kapena chophimba. Izi zingayambitsenso kuphulika ndi kuwonongeka kwina.

Nthunzi thovu mu madzi otaya angayambitse instabilities ndi kugwedezeka. Cavitation nthawi zambiri imawononga doko loyamwa la impeller. Phokoso ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha cavitation kumatha kutsanzira zolephera zina, koma kuyang'ana komwe kuli pitting ndi kuwonongeka kwa chopopera chopopera kumatha kuwulula chomwe chimayambitsa.

Kuthira gasi kumakhala kofala popopa zakumwa pafupi ndi kuwira kapena pamene kuyamwa mapaipi ovuta kumayambitsa chipwirikiti.