Pakalipano, kuyang'anira bwino kwavomerezedwa ndi mamenejala ambiri. Kuchita ntchito yabwino pakusamalira tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zida zopopera, ndiyonso njira yoyendetsera, iyenera kubweretsedwa pakuwongolera bwino. Ndipo makina mpope zida monga matupi sayansi ndi luso, ndiye zokolola chachikulu cha kupanga makina ndi zipangizo. Chifukwa chake, zida zamakina zimagwira ntchito yosasinthika popanga. Komanso imakhala mphamvu yampikisano yamabizinesi yamakono komanso malo azithunzi zamabizinesi. Momwe mungamalizire ntchito yopangira panthawi yake, yokhala ndi khalidwe labwino komanso labwino kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa mpope wa sayansi komanso wololera, makamaka zimadalira kumveka kwa zida zopopera.

1. Sinthani kuchuluka kwa makina ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito, samalani pazachuma

Pansi pa zovuta zachuma zamakono, zipangizo zamakono ndizofunikira kwambiri. Mtengo wogulitsira zida ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Choncho, m'pofunika kupititsa patsogolo phindu lachuma la kasamalidwe ka zipangizo ndi kulabadira zotsatira za ntchito. Ndi ntchito yabwino yokha yokonza zida zapampu, yomwe ingasinthe kuchuluka kwa umphumphu wa zida, kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ntchito, motero kuchepetsa mtengo wokonza moyo wa zida ndi zina zowonongera zachilendo, kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito, kutalikitsa moyo wautumiki, ndikupititsa patsogolo luso lazachuma. M'lingaliro lowonjezereka la zipangizo, zipangizo ndi ndalama za nthawi imodzi, pamene kukonza ndi nthawi yaitali. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndalama zochepetsera zowonongeka zimatha kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa zipangizo. Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, kukonza ndi ndalama komanso phindu lochulukirapo.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito dongosolo la "TPM" kuti muwerenge ndikukhazikitsa "Strong guarantee and Group management Responsibility System"

TPM ndi chiyani

TPM imatanthawuza "kupanga ndi kukonza antchito onse", zomwe zidaperekedwa ndi aku Japan m'ma 1970. Ndi kupanga ndi kukonza mode ndi ogwira nawo ntchito mokwanira. Mfundo zake zazikulu ndi "kupanga ndi kukonza" komanso "kutenga nawo gawo kwathunthu kwa ogwira ntchito". Limbikitsani magwiridwe antchito a zida pokhazikitsa ntchito yokonza dongosolo lonse lokhudza ogwira ntchito. Lingaliro la TPM likuchokera pakupanga ndi kukonza dongosolo la United States, komanso limatengera uinjiniya wa zida zophatikizika ku United Kingdom. Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yamayiko, TPM imamveka ngati kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zopanga ndi kukonza kuphatikiza oyendetsa kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito onse a zida.

TPEM: Kasamalidwe ka Zida Zopangira Bwino Zonse zikutanthauza Kasamalidwe ka Zida Zopangira Zonse. Ili ndi lingaliro latsopano lokonzekera lopangidwa ndi International TPM Association. Zimachokera ku makhalidwe a chikhalidwe chomwe si cha Japan. Zimapangitsa kukhazikitsa kwa TPM mufakitale kukhala kopambana. Mosiyana ndi TPM ku Japan, imasinthasintha. Mwanjira ina, mutha kusankha zomwe zili mu TPM molingana ndi kufunikira kwenikweni kwa zida zobzala, zomwe zitha kunenedwanso kuti ndi njira yosinthira.

Chotchedwa kuvomerezedwa kukonzanso

Ndi lamulo lovuta komanso lachangu pakukonza, ndipo liyenera kuchitidwa panthawiyo. Kuchuluka kwa umphumphu ndi moyo wautumiki wa zida zamakina zimatengera kwambiri ntchito yokonza. Ngati kunyalanyazidwa kwa kukonza makina aukadaulo, ku zovuta zamakina musanayambe kukonza, mosakayikira kumayambitsa kuwonongeka koyambirira kwa zida, kufupikitsa moyo, kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yazinthu, komanso kuyika chitetezo chachitetezo. Tengani zimbudzi kunja kutengerapo mpope wa siteshoni Union monga chitsanzo, shutdown aliyense amachepetsa mphamvu ya zimbudzi kunja kutengerapo ndi 250m3/ h, zomwe zidzachititsa kusowa kwa zimbudzi ndi zimbudzi kunja kukhetsa mu siteshoni Union, amene osati kumakhudza yachibadwa. kupanga kwa siteshoni ya Union, komanso kumawonjezera zovuta pakuwongolera kupanga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zimbudzi zakunja zidzawononganso chilengedwe.

Zomwe zimatchedwa kuti gulu lowerengera ndalama

Makamaka amadalira wogwira ntchito kuti apeze vuto pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku, amayendetsa vutoli, kukonza zazing'ono ndi mgwirizano waukulu wokonzanso, malire apamwamba amakweza zida zamakina kuti zikhale bwino.

3. zida zopopera tsiku ndi tsiku kukonza.

Kukonza zida zapampu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ntchito yayikulu yokonza zida, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makina ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zimakhala mwala wapangodya wamphamvu. Kukonza tsiku ndi tsiku kwa zidazo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kukonza tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kukonza magawo ambiri. Pakukonza mwachizolowezi tsiku lililonse, kuyenera kukhala molingana ndi: zoyera, zowoneka bwino, zopaka mafuta, zomangira, kusintha, dzimbiri, chitetezo cha mawu 14.

3.1 kukonza tsiku lililonse

Kusamalira tsiku ndi tsiku kudzachitidwa ndi ogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo pa ntchito. Musanayambe kusintha, yang'anani mbiri yosinthira, yang'anani zida zogwirira ntchito ndikuyang'ana magawo opanga. Panthawiyi, mvetserani phokoso, mverani kutentha kwa zipangizo, muwone ngati kuthamanga kwa kupanga, mlingo wamadzimadzi, chizindikiro cha chida ndi chachilendo.

Yang'anani ndi mavuto omwe ali pantchito musanachoke, lembani mbiri ya shift ndi mbiri ya zida zogwirira ntchito, ndikuwongolera njira zosinthira.

3.2 Kusamalira ma multilevel

Mipikisano siteji kukonza ikuchitika molingana ndi accumulative kuthamanga nthawi zida. The minicomputer pampu zipangizo ntchito motsatira zotsatirazi: accumulative kuthamanga 240h woyamba mlingo kukonza, accumulative kuthamanga 720h yachiwiri mlingo kukonza, accumulative kuthamanga 1000h lachitatu mlingo kukonza. Waukulu makina mpope zida ndi molingana ndi: accumulatively kuthamanga 1000h woyamba mlingo kukonza, accumulatively akuthamanga 3000h yachiwiri mlingo kukonza, accumulatively akuthamanga 10000h lachitatu mlingo kukonza.

(1) Onani maonekedwe. Ziwalo zopatsirana ndi zowonekera, zopanda dzimbiri, malo oyera.

(2) Onani gawo lopatsira. Yang'anani mkhalidwe waumisiri wa gawo lililonse, limbitsani gawo lotayirira, sinthani chilolezo choyenerera, fufuzani momwe mavalidwe amagwirira ntchito ndi kunyamula bushing, fufuzani ndikusintha mbale yoyezera, mphete yapakamwa ndi impeller, etc., kuti mukwaniritse bwino, otetezeka. ndi mawu odalirika opatsirana.

(3) Yang'anirani mafuta. Onani ngati mayendedwe amafuta opaka mafuta ndi mafuta ali oyenerera, kaya fyulutayo yatsekedwa kapena yadetsedwa, onjezani mafuta atsopano molingana ndi kuchuluka kwamafuta a tanki yamafuta kapena sinthani mafuta molingana ndi mtundu wamafuta. Kuti mukwaniritse mafuta oyeretsedwa, osalala, osataya, osavulaza.

(4) Njira yamagetsi. Pukutani galimotoyo, yang'anani mawotchi amagetsi amagetsi ndi magetsi, yang'anani kutsekemera ndi nthaka, kuti ikhale yokwanira, yoyera, yolimba komanso yodalirika.

(5) Kukonza mapaipi. Kaya valavu ikutha, kusintha kumasinthasintha, fyuluta yatsekedwa.

4. Sinthani miyeso yokonza zida zapampu.

Kuti muwonjezere kukonzanso kwa zida zamakina, zitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri:

(1) Mu ntchito yokonza kwenikweni kukwaniritsa atatu, ndiye standardization, teknoloji, institutionalization. Standardization ndi kugwirizanitsa okhutira yokonza, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa mbali, kusintha magawo, kuyendera chipangizo ndi zina zili yeniyeni, malinga ndi makhalidwe kupanga abizinesi iliyonse kupanga lolingana zofunika. Njira imatengera zida zosiyanasiyana kuti apange njira zosiyanasiyana zokonzera, malinga ndi njira zokonzera. Institutionalization ndiyo kutchula nthawi yokonza ndikukonza mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito pazida zosiyanasiyana ndikuzitsatira mosamalitsa.

(2) Ndondomeko yokonza mgwirizano. Kukonzekera kwa zida zitha kupangidwa. Ogwira ntchito yosamalira adzagwira ntchito yokonza zida pamalo enaake opanga, kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi ogwira ntchito pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyang'anira alendo, kukonza nthawi zonse, kukonza mapulani ndi kukonza zovuta, ndi zina zotero, ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa zida ndi zizindikiro zina zowunikira omwe akuchita nawo mgwirizano. udindo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuwunika ntchito ndi bonasi. Dongosolo la mgwirizano wokonza ndi njira yabwino yolimbikitsira ntchito yokonza zida zopangira, kudzutsa chidwi cha ogwira ntchito yokonza komanso kuyambitsa kwa ogwira ntchito.

M'mabizinesi amakono amakampani, zida zitha kuwonetsa mwachindunji digiri yamakono ndi kasamalidwe ka bizinesiyo, kukhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ndi kasamalidwe ka bizinesiyo, ndipo imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera, kutulutsa, mtengo wopanga, ntchito. kumaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi chilengedwe cha makina amunthu pazinthu zamabizinesi. Chifukwa chake, zida zatenga gawo lalikulu pakupulumuka ndi chitukuko chamakampani opanga komanso kupikisana pamsika. Ntchito yokonza zida ndi yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kupanga mabizinesi ndi magwiridwe antchito ndi zopindulitsa, makamaka zida zamakono zamabizinesi zimasinthidwa nthawi zonse, zolondola kwambiri, zogwira mtima kwambiri, zida zamagetsi zikuchulukirachulukira, zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kukonza ndi kukonza zida.

Kukhazikitsa kasamalidwe kabwino ndikusintha kuchoka ku kasamalidwe kokulirapo kupita ku kasamalidwe kozama. Kodi kusinthaku sikukuyimira kusinthika kwa malingaliro?

Kuwongolera bwino kwa zida ndi kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi ntchito yanthawi yayitali, magwiridwe antchito a mpope wamakina asinthidwa, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chinthu chosapeŵeka, bizinesiyo sikuti imangopitilira kuzama, kulimbikitsa, komanso kupitiliza kugwiritsa ntchito ubwino ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu, kupanga zawo. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kusanthula koyengedwa ndikukonzekera kusintha njira zawo zoyendetsera kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha ndi mpikisano wa chilengedwe chakunja.

Anthu akale ankati: “Ubwino ndi waukulu kuposa kuchiza, choipa ndi chachikulu kuposa chipwirikiti”. Gululi ndi lokhazikika, momwemonso kasamalidwe ka mapampu, ndiye mwala wapangodya wa chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani. Uku ndiyenso kukonza pampu yamakina, kupulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa ntchito yachinthu.